Walker, C. Howard]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Tutu, Desmond]]> Eve, Arthur O.]]> Apartheid -- South Africa]]> Racism -- United States]]> African Americans -- New York (State) -- Buffalo]]> African Americans -- Civil rights]]>
Apartheid, which means “apartness” in the language of Afrikaans, was the name given to the official separation of the race. The practice was enforced by a government dedicated to principals of white supremacy. The National Party came to power in 1948.

The National Party, through legislation in 1950, classified South Africans according to race. Based on racial classification, the government decided where people could live and work, what type of schooling they could receive, what facilities would be open to them, who they could associate with, and whether or not they could vote.

Archbishop Tutu called the practice “evil.” His 1989 visit to Buffalo came at a time when an anti-apartheid faction within the National Party was beginning to make significant changes.

Tutu, who won the Nobel Peace Prize, told Buffalo audiences they could help in the fight against apartheid, even if it was just by saying a prayer. He compared the policy of apartheid to Nazism. He preached non-violence in the tradition of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

WIVB-TV anchor Jacquie Walker interviewed Archbishop Tutu for a special program that documented his appearances in Western New York and his thoughts on civil rights. He said he believed he would see an end to apartheid in his lifetime.

In a report by WIVB’s Rich Newberg, African American inner-city residents living on Buffalo’s East Side shared thoughts about their own struggles for equality and the consequences of systemic racism. Violent crime was affecting their quality of life. There were also demonstrations against police brutality.

Deputy Assembly Speaker Arthur O. Eve told Mr. Newberg that conditions had worsened since the urban race riots of the late 1960s. He said there were more homeless people of color, that the Buffalo infant mortality rate among Blacks and Latinos was the highest in the nation, and drugs and Aids were wreaking havoc in the inner-city.

The campaign to end apartheid achieved success in 1994 with the formation of a democratic government in South Africa. The white minority’s rule through fear and intimidation had finally ended. ]]> Walker, Jacquie (Anchor, Reporter)]]> Newberg, Rich (Reporter)]]> Sawabini, Wadi (Reporter)]]>
Buffalo & Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)]]> Murphy, Kurt (Graphic Arts Director)]]> eng]]> Walter Whitehead 1918]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Wardle, Arthur]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Waroquier, Henry de]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Waroquier, Henry de]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Waroquier, Henry de]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Rej, Joe]]> Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963]]> Presidential elections--1960.]]>
During his campaign for president of the United States, Senator John F. Kennedy made a stop in North Tonawanda on September 28, 1960. WBEN-TV recorded his speech, which is now part of the JFK Library in Boston. During his address, Kennedy said, "The Soviet system and our system are on trial. The question will be, which system has the longest staying power," Speaking in North Tonawanda, he said the American people have the "power, the will, the determination and the conviction" to come out ahead.

On October 14, 1962, as US president, Kennedy addressed a crowd of thousands in Buffalo's Niagara Square. It was the day Buffalo's Polish community honors the memory of General Kazimierz Pulaski, a Polish hero of the American Revolution. Kennedy said that Poland, dominated by the Soviet Union at the time, must be strengthened, but that the country "has always remained free in the hearts of the Polish people." He added that the United States must "never recognize Soviet domination of East Europe as permanent."

It was on this day in Buffalo, according to Joe Rej, the president of the General Pulaski Association of Western New York, that Kennedy learned of the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba. The Soviets had been building nuclear missile sites, capable of striking the United States.

The news broke two days later on October 16, 1962. Kennedy initiated a blockade of Cuba. During the tense thirteen day crisis which put the world at risk of a nuclear war, an agreement was finally reached. The Soviets dismantled their missiles in Cuba. The United States removed its missiles from Turkey.]]> WBEN-TV, JFK Library]]> eng]]> Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.)]]> Pan-American Exposition--(1901:Buffalo, N.Y.) --Songs and music]]> Weiler, Harry J.]]> Grosvenor Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Welsh]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Westminster Presbyterian Church (Buffalo, N.Y.)--Directories]]> Westminster Presbyterian Church (Buffalo, N.Y.)]]> Grosvenor Room of B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> WI/P&GA]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> WI/P&GA]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> WI/P&GA]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> WI/P&GA]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> WI/P&GA]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> WI/P&GA]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Wilcox, D. Urquhart]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Willette, Adolphe]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)]]> Williams, Richard, Lieutenant--Diaries]]> Great Britain--Army--Royal Welsh Fusiliers--Regiment, 23rd]]> Soldiers--Diaries--Early works to 1800]]> Concord, Battle of, Concord, Mass., 1775--Personal narratives, British]]> Lexington, Battle of, Lexington, Mass., 1775--Personal narratives, British]]> Bunker Hill, Battle of, Boston, Mass., 1775--Personal narratives, British]]> United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Personal narratives, British. ]]>
Physical description: 158 pages, 120 pages, 12 pages, 8 unnumbered pages, 4 unnumbered pages : illustrations, facsimile : 22 cm. In antiqued calf, with marbled paper covered boards, gilt stamped spine title and panel fillets, red speckled edges. Rebound in December 1961, by Robert Muma, binder's note pasted on recto of back free endpaper. ]]> Williams, Richard (Lieutenant)]]> Rare Book Room of the B&ECPL (repository)]]> eng]]> Late Eighteenth Century (1750-1800)]]>