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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>Securing the Homeland: Western New York's Anti-terrorism Measures</text>
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                <text>Following the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks on America, assessments were made on Western New York’s vulnerability as a target. Its location on the border with Canada, the power grid, chemical companies located in Niagara Falls, and its position on the Great Lakes, all placed Western New York among the nation’s top fifty vulnerable regions.&#13;
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Efforts quickly got underway to prepare for a worst-case scenario, including heightened training for emergency responders and those involved with intelligence gathering. A new center for homeland security in Buffalo was also created. &#13;
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The following collection of reports by former WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg documents the stepped-up efforts to protect the citizens of Western New York through cooperative efforts among many municipalities and agencies across the Niagara Frontier.  &#13;
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1  WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg presents an exclusive report on plans for a local Homeland Security Department in the soon-to-be-built  Public Safety Campus on Buffalo’s East Side. &#13;
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The 250,000 thousand square foot campus will house Central Police and Emergency Services, and state of the art forensic lab facilities.&#13;
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There are also plans for Erie County to join forces with the state for the nation’s largest wireless government communications system. The new system would allow police, fire and emergency medical services personnel to talk to each other. &#13;
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Hard lessons were learned when New York City firefighters and police officers could not communicate with each other during the Twin Towers attacks.&#13;
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2  1:01:12 - 1:03:26&#13;
The Erie County Medical Center conducts a drill for a radiation exposure emergency. Mobile units are training to respond to a terrorist attack. Concern here is for a potential dirty bomb or bio chemical attack that could affect the health of eighty to a hundred thousand people. &#13;
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Fifty-thousand tons of antidotes are now in place and could be deployed by air or ground. More protective gear is also on its way to Buffalo. Plans are also in the works to develop a system of mass immunization.&#13;
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3  Close to a million dollars in new federal money has been dedicated to improving anti-terrorist training and response programs in Erie County. Response to a dirty bomb incident would require declaring the radioactive area off limits for quite some time, depending on the strength of the radioactive material used in the device.&#13;
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4   The post 9/11 era calls for greater security and more sophisticated background checks of employees at airports. &#13;
“Ultra-scan, a new device developed in Western New York, identifies people through finger imaging. Its accuracy is believed to approach one hundred percent.  &#13;
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5  A new state-of-the art Emergency Operations Center at an undisclosed location in Western New York is near completion. (The location is later revealed to be in Cheektowaga).&#13;
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New York Governor George Partaki, urges New Yorkers not to fall victim to fear. &#13;
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Deputy Erie County Executive Carl Calabrese, one of the local Homeland Security leaders, says an effective response to terrorist threats rests on “having the right information at the right time in the right peoples’ hands.”&#13;
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Erie County Emergency Services Commissioner Mike Walters says, “There has to be a spot where major decisions are made, and we have that capability here better than we’ve ever had it before in this community.” &#13;
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6  More details are revealed about the new $2 million dollar Emergency Command Center where life saving decisions would be made during a terrorist incident or natural disaster. The facility can accommodate 105 emergency coordinators who have direct access to immediate lines of communication, including video conferencing and satellite downlink capability. &#13;
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A new “800 Megahertz Wireless System” statewide would allow emergency responders from different agencies to talk to each other.  &#13;
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7  A major response exercise is conducted using actors as would-be victims of a terrorist attack is carried out on the campus of  Buffalo State College. The drill creates a hostage situation following a terrorist hijacking of an NFTA bus. The Buffalo SWAT Team goes into action. &#13;
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NFTA spokesman Douglas Hartmayer says first responders believe there may be some explosives onboard the bus. The drill is carried out using smoke bombs, the Erie County Sheriff’s helicopter, and a Buffalo SWAT Team storming of the bus. &#13;
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The drill is deemed to be successful, due to effective cooperation between agencies and a unified command situation.&#13;
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8  More details on the drill that started on the streets of Buffalo. WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg said “it looked so real it was somewhat frightening.” &#13;
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The exercise includes a scenario where the terrorists who hijacked an NFTA bus and took hostages, had radioactive material onboard. &#13;
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Rich Newberg reveals that the Transit Police who gave chase to the would-be hijacked bus,  had not been told this was a drill. &#13;
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9  Another drill is carried out involving first responders from Western New York and Southern Ontario. They dealt with the need for emergency chemical containment should terrorists attack the region. Western New York is third in the nation in the amount of hazardous material shipped through an area. &#13;
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Buffalo Hazmat Team leader, firefighter Captain Tommy Fitzpatrick, says there toxic industrial chemicals could become a target for terrorists. Six agencies were represented in this drill including the FBI, airport rescue and fire and Twin City Ambulance. &#13;
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10  More details on the above mentioned Buffalo Hazmat drill that took place at the Training Center in Cheektowaga.  Special attention is paid to the potential disruption of a rail line or pipeline carrying hazardous chemicals.&#13;
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11  The US Coast Guard is bolstering homeland security on Western New York’s border with Canada. Coast Guard Buffalo is about to be equipped with machine gun capability. Since 9/11, there are more patrols on the water. &#13;
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A new 25 foot fast and powerful response boat is ordered for homeland security in Buffalo. There is also a higher level of cooperation between the Coast Guard and US Border Patrol. Citizen boaters are also being asked to report anything suspicious. &#13;
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12  More details on the beefing up of US Coast Guard stations. Chief Steven Barr of Coasts Guard Buffalo says the new security boat will be able to turn at high speeds and will be “cabonized” for greater crew protection.&#13;
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13  FBI Director Robert Mueller, who took over the agency seven days before 9/11, visits Buffalo’s FBI office. &#13;
The Lackawanna Six was the major topic of discussion. &#13;
&#13;
Mueller says the men charged with providing material support to al-Qaeda by attending a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan can be considered, in his opinion, a “sleeper cell.” He says the Muslim community in Lackawanna was a big help in brining the case to a successful conclusion.&#13;
Mueller also said the US war effort in Iraq was aided by Iraqis in the Buffalo area and across the country. &#13;
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Relating to another case, Mueller praised the Buffalo FBI office for its work on the James Kopp case. Kopp was arrested for the murder of Buffalo abortion provider Dr. Barnett Slepian. &#13;
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He also gives credit to the Joint Terrorism Task Force comprised of twenty agencies assisting in anti-terrorism efforts. &#13;
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14  New York State Police Superintendent James McMann, a Rochester native, is named by Governor George Pataki as coordinator of the state’s counter-terrorism efforts. &#13;
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The Buffalo-Niagara region is named as one of 30 strategic regions in the country and will receive a federal $10 Million dollar counter-terrorism grant. $8 Million will go for planning, training and equipment. $2 Million for overtime costs in relation to Code Orange terrorist alerts.&#13;
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15  Dr. Fred Cowie, an anti-terrorism expert, conducts as seminar in Buffalo. He is wearing orange prison garb and is handcuffed. He looks just like the Unabomber Ted KaczynskI and was once arrested by a police officer who mistook him for the suspect responsible for killing three people and injuring twenty-three others during bombings in various parts of the country between 1978 and 1995. He is from the same Montana town where Kaczynski was jailed.&#13;
&#13;
Cowie gets the attention of emergency planners attending the session to learn the latest in anti-terrorism training techniques. &#13;
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Former FBI Agent In Charge Bernie Tolbert also addresses the group. He is now running security for the NBA. He says   big sports venues such as arenas and stadiums need to step up security.   &#13;
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16  More on the homeland security seminar mentioned above. Dr. Fred Cowie says, ”We have to find new ways, exciting ways to deliver the message and say ‘hey, that flammable liquid that took down the World Trade Center, that’s the same one your cop car is going to be pulling up to  in a gasoline truck.”&#13;
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17  The “nerve center” of Erie County’s emergency response operations is officially put into service. The Emergency Operations Center offers a high tech response to the worst of disasters. The center is located on Broadway in the Buffalo suburb of Cheektowaga. The center is equipped with a 105 seat training auditorium.&#13;
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18  More on the Erie County Emergency Operations Center which will help coordinate responses by the county’s five thousand volunteer fire fighters and EMS providers. &#13;
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19  The position of Buffalo Disaster Coordinator falls victim to budget cuts. Jack Sneiderhan was in working on an $880,000 thousand dollar grant for the city’s disaster efforts when his job was eliminated. &#13;
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Plans are in the works for Erie County to take over Buffalo Police and fire dispatch functions. It will all be housed under one roof in the soon-to-be built new public safety campus on Buffalo’s East Side.&#13;
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John Gibb, head of the New York State’s Weapons of Mass Destruction Task Force says the Western New York region has become a model for inter-agency, inter-regional cooperation. He is the point man for two $10 Million dollars grants to the Buffalo-Niagara region. &#13;
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20  More on plans to put regional police and fire dispatchers under one umbrella in a Homeland Security campus being developed. &#13;
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21   Erie County works to link up core buildings under one surveillance system. A new control center has the capacity to monitor 500 cameras.  Erie County’s Public Works Commissioner Maria Lehman calls it “one stop shop surveillance for everything that’s going on in the buildings.”&#13;
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22  A new million dollar alarm and communication system pinpoints the fire on any given floor in Buffalo’s major high-rise buildings. On every floor, firefighters have direct contact with the Control Center and are no longer dependent on cell phones. &#13;
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23  New York State Homeland Security Chief Jim McMahon announces that $5.5 Million dollars in anti-terrorism funding is on its way to Erie County. &#13;
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Some of the funds are earmarked for anti-terrorism training. Some of the training will take place on a new Public Safety Campus on Oak Street. The building is nearing completion. A top priority in spending will also go toward a new Rescue One truck for Buffalo. It will be equipped to respond to a terrorist attack. Money will also be spent on new protective gear for Buffalo firefighters responding to hazardous situations.&#13;
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24  More on Homeland Security funds for Erie and Niagara counties. The state will pick up $2 Million dollars in labor costs for dispatchers.&#13;
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25 Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg gives Western New York its first look at plans for a new $31 Million dollar Regional Training Center at Oak and Elm streets in Buffalo.&#13;
The first building designed to house local Homeland Security departments and a state-of-the-art forensic lab.&#13;
&#13;
The new Training Center will bring in ECC criminal justice students and potentially offer anti-terrorism training for officers across the Northeast. An outdoor training facility simulating terrorist situations is another high priority. &#13;
A quarantine center is tops on the Erie County Health Department’s list. &#13;
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Erie County is also looking to partner with the University at Buffalo to make Western New York a “Region of Excellence” for terrorism research.&#13;
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26  New York State is ready to award a contractor to install America’s most advanced emergency communications network. It would allow first responders from different agencies to communicate with one another. Erie County Deputy Erie County Executive Carl Calabrese says the new Public Safety campus could potentially serve as the “brain center” for the new system. &#13;
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27   A new approach to tracking victims of a biological attack is being developed in Erie County. A system using mobile computers at hospital bedsides would feed information into a central site for instant analysis. &#13;
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Mike Moskal of the Calspan UB Research Center says it would be possible to prevent the spread of a disease further or start treating patients faster. &#13;
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Paramedics would also be able to electronically record information while a patient is being transported to a hospital. &#13;
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Erie County Health Commissioner Dr. Anthony Billittier says health officials need information to determine if there is a disease spreading or victims are suffering from a terrorist event. &#13;
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28  Western New York’s most spectacular tourist attractions, including the Maid of the Mist boat ride at Niagara Falls, have become a major security concern. &#13;
All ports and vessels must soon comply with new safety regulations. &#13;
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Training sessions are held warning venue owners what to look for as tourists enter their attractions. Checking passengers for weapons on cruise vessels and tourists boats and security cameras are among the security measures taken.  &#13;
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29  More on anti-terrorism training sessions for tourist operators of major attractions on the Niagara Frontier. &#13;
Emphasis is placed on monitoring suspicious behavior of tourists, not their skin color, cultural attire or ethnic background. Training should be made available to the ticket-taker to the deckhand. &#13;
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All of the nation’s ports and vessels must soon comply with tighter security measures. The belief is that terrorists will try to find the venue that is not protected. &#13;
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30 Another major federally-funded drill has a hundred  emergency responders from Western New York training for major “dirty bomb” attacks. The exercise includes the scenario of an attack on the Canadian side of the Peace Bridge. The drill takes place at the Emergency Operations Center in Cheektowaga. &#13;
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Public Health agencies are notified. A decision is made to shut down traffic on the Thruway. The drill is conducted by federal emergency experts from FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency).&#13;
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In the drill, the Boulevard Mall is targeted by terrorists. There is also another threat on the New York State Thruway.&#13;
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The exercise provides an opportunity for emergency responders from different agencies get to know each other. Representatives from Canadian agencies, including the Niagara Region Public Health Department, took part in the session. The exercise took a year to plan.&#13;
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31  More on the above drill, testing the ability of emergency responders to handle a terrorist “dirty bomb” attack on the Peace Bridge in Buffalo and Boulevard Mall in the Town of Tonawanda. A decision is made to keep people sheltered in their homes and businesses.&#13;
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The exercise includes a mock TV news anchorman who presents updates as the drill unfolds. The idea is to help define the information that citizens would need to know for protection. The lines of communication during a crisis situation is a critical element that must be considered. &#13;
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32  A plan is put forward to consider a state-of-the art training center at the Niagara Falls International Airport.&#13;
The piece opens outside of Rochester, New York where a drill is underway, challenging firefighters from the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority to respond to a mock-up 737 plane whose cabin is on fire. It simulates a terrorist attack.&#13;
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Deputy Erie County Executive Carl Calabrese attends the drill. He is considering a joint proposal that would have  Erie and Niagara Counties building a training center on land at the Niagara Falls Airport. A feasibility study is underway. There is a long history of mutual aid.&#13;
34  More on the above story that includes graphic video showing response training for a terrorist attack on an airplane. It is pointed out that computers often drive training programs like this one.  In this exercise, sensors show whether the firefighting techniques employed are effective.&#13;
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WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg shows viewers what it looks like inside the cabin of the mock-up plane after flames were extinguished.&#13;
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The NFTA firefighters are given a good review by a training instructor.</text>
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                    <text>Everyone has a story to tell about nine eleven. Tonight, senior correspondent Rich&#13;
Newberg has the tale of miracle of survival from the World Trade Center and a twist of fate that brought two Western New Yorkers together. When the first plane hit tower one, Sheri Leach of Buffalo was on the Seventy-eighth floor. She had come to New York City for a sales meeting. The wing of the plane made contact with her floor. &#13;
Where the plane had hit the fire had come around the building and just start coming towards our window.&#13;
Thoughts of her baby boy and husband filled her mind. She had to get out. &#13;
People were –people were burned.&#13;
Sheri hurried down 78 flights of stairs and held back her panic. &#13;
I would cry to the side so the people I was with couldn’t see me because I wanted to try to keep things together.&#13;
Sheri Leach has two reminders of her brush with death on September 11th. This piece of Tower One and her wallet which fell 78 stories when the tower collapsed. The wallet was discovered six days later in an almost unbelievable twist of fate. At ground zero, an environmental specialist from Buffalo assisting top federal emergency personnel noticed the wallet including a picture of Sheri’s son and her driver’s license among other things. He tracked her down and today met her face to face for the first time.&#13;
Uh it’s nice to see you alive.&#13;
Sherman had been overwhelmed by the destruction his first night at Ground Zero but then the discovery of the wallet.&#13;
Here was a connection to –to Buffalo, so for e it was very emotional and it took a few days to readjust to that.&#13;
He didn’t know whether Sheri Leach was dead or alive but finally made phone contact and remembers her first words. It’s me. I’m alive and all I remember was I-I was just started crying and it was very emotional for me.&#13;
The wallet will be the key to many stories yet to be told to Sheri’s son. &#13;
I want him to know how it’s important to have family and that’s what drove me out of that building. My son- we drove out of my building knowing to see my son and my husband and my parents again. That was it.&#13;
Rich Newberg, News Four at Six. &#13;
When New York Coty was attacked on September 11th, Volunteers from Buffalo were quick to respond. In tonight’s special report, senior correspondent rich Newberg and photographer Mike Mombre take us to Ground Zero now five months later to find Western New Yorkers still at work.&#13;
How do you mend a hole at the heart of a city?   How do you pay homage to 3000 innocent lives suddenly snuffed out? Every day, workers are lowered into the pit where bodies have yet to be recovered. American flags are everywhere. People are working together for a common cause but scars for some run so deep that they can see nothing good ever coming out of this disaster.&#13;
For me at this point to say that anything good can come of this that I can see anything good coming out of this. It’s a – that’s a long way away. I thought this couldn’t be even be the United State. It looked like a war zone. &#13;
Barbara Janicki knows how difficult it is. The Salvation Army worker from Buffalo was here in September and has come back again. You have a-a bond. It’s a bond that nobody understands unless they’re here. It’s a special bond. At the huge white tent called the bubble workers take a break for food and drink. Sometimes a little counseling. &#13;
They constantly meet to be encouraged to know someone cares about them, to know there’s something spiritual here who can take care of their spiritual needs. Volunteers from Buffalo were there from the very beginning giving help and encouragement in many different ways. Helping to rebuild lives and property. That Century 21 Store right on the edge of disaster is making a comeback and a Western New Yorker is right in the middle of making it happen.&#13;
How you doing? Ron Papa’s National Fire Adjustment Company based in Buffalo had to appraise damages in the tens of millions of dollars. He could barely make his way through the cement dust back in September. It was just everywhere. It was a – it was a white powder that was just everywhere and we were here maybe a half hour or an hour. We had a real problem breathing. The only problem now is meeting tomorrow’s grand opening deadline but Century 21 is coming back. I think it’s just done giving a message to everybody that we are not, not going to put it, We’re not going to take it. That’s all and the people, people in New York and- and all over the world could see that nobody’s going to kick us around. &#13;
From a-top Century 21, Ron Papa has gotten the big picture of the task below while helping the Department Sore secure enough money to get back in business. He too says it all makes a statement to the world. &#13;
If there’s any city or any nation that’s going to be able to do it, it’s going to be ere and it’s going to –&#13;
The grand re-opening of Century 21 will be carried by TV stations all over the world. It was the biggest and the closest business to ground zero and Ron Papa of Buffalo is credited by the store owners with helping the business get back to its feet. &#13;
Well those are some amazing pictures there and you have more coming up at six now. I walk with the governor around Ground Zero and he hasn’t forgotten our needs in this neck of the woods.&#13;
Okay, thanks. We’ll see it at six. &#13;
New York Governor George Pataki was in Manhattan when terrorists struck the towers on September 11th. Five months later the Governor walked through Ground Zero with our senior correspondent Rich Newberg.&#13;
It was just incomprehensible. I mean these buildings around us were all on fire. &#13;
Governor George Pataki was brought to Ground Zero by the New York City Fire Department within hours of the attack. Everything was covered with inches of dust from the pulverized concrete that, that just looked like something out of a nuclear nightmare. He appreciates the sacrifice and courage of those who also suffered losses but are still on the site helping out any way they can. That’s in an… to minds that no one will ever forget this. And we never will. For those who work in the so-called pit where bodies are still found – they are enveloped in the horror. You look at it and you’re looking up and it reminds me of a large grave site and I’m uncomfortable down here and you know, I’m uncomfortable anybody has to be there. &#13;
Yet public viewing platforms accommodate thousands of tourists a day. Some people feel compelled to come here to see the reality for themselves. They couldn’t confront the realty through a television alone.&#13;
It just seems like a, a movie. Something that didn’t actually happen because we are so are removed from New York City where we live in Wisconsin. I think it’s important that you allow people to come and pay their respects. Should they rebuild? I think it’s too soon . This is sacred ground. Uh almost 3000 people dies here and many of their remains have not been recovered.&#13;
But the Governor’s focus must now be on rebuilding not only lower Manhattan but a state economy that has been weakened. While we’re using Federal funds for Lower Manhattan, I proposed an empire opportunity fund. Two billion dollars targeted to upstate to help communities like Buffalo – to help them fight for jobs, to help them redevelop themselves as we redevelop Lower Manhattan. Wat about the Falls? We’re going to keep moving the floor with the Falls, The funding commitment for the USA and Niagara is absolutely there and we are going to do it. The Governor has said USA and Niagara will redevelop the falls with the same commitment the state made to revitalize Times Square. &#13;
Excuse me Governor, I was wondering if I can impose upon you to sign this for my …&#13;
Sure, I’d be happy to. Thank you very much.&#13;
I’m proud of you guys. It’s more than five months after the attack and yet the spirit is still there. The sense of mission, the sense of unity, the sense of purpose that might not have existed on September 10th is still there.&#13;
It’s all mind boggling. Well the governor says 20 billion dollars for rebuilding Manhattan will come from the federal government. His two billion dollar plan to help cities like Buffalo must be approved by the state legislature.&#13;
Don and Carol.. &#13;
Thanks very much, Rich. &#13;
Yup &#13;
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              <text>Everyone has a story to tell about nine eleven. Tonight, senior correspondent Rich&#13;
Newberg has the tale of miracle of survival from the World Trade Center and a twist of fate that brought two Western New Yorkers together. When the first plane hit tower one, Sheri Leach of Buffalo was on the Seventy-eighth floor. She had come to New York City for a sales meeting. The wing of the plane made contact with her floor. &#13;
Where the plane had hit the fire had come around the building and just start coming towards our window.&#13;
Thoughts of her baby boy and husband filled her mind. She had to get out. &#13;
People were –people were burned.&#13;
Sheri hurried down 78 flights of stairs and held back her panic. &#13;
I would cry to the side so the people I was with couldn’t see me because I wanted to try to keep things together.&#13;
Sheri Leach has two reminders of her brush with death on September 11th. This piece of Tower One and her wallet which fell 78 stories when the tower collapsed. The wallet was discovered six days later in an almost unbelievable twist of fate. At ground zero, an environmental specialist from Buffalo assisting top federal emergency personnel noticed the wallet including a picture of Sheri’s son and her driver’s license among other things. He tracked her down and today met her face to face for the first time.&#13;
Uh it’s nice to see you alive.&#13;
Sherman had been overwhelmed by the destruction his first night at Ground Zero but then the discovery of the wallet.&#13;
Here was a connection to –to Buffalo, so for e it was very emotional and it took a few days to readjust to that.&#13;
He didn’t know whether Sheri Leach was dead or alive but finally made phone contact and remembers her first words. It’s me. I’m alive and all I remember was I-I was just started crying and it was very emotional for me.&#13;
The wallet will be the key to many stories yet to be told to Sheri’s son. &#13;
I want him to know how it’s important to have family and that’s what drove me out of that building. My son- we drove out of my building knowing to see my son and my husband and my parents again. That was it.&#13;
Rich Newberg, News Four at Six. &#13;
When New York Coty was attacked on September 11th, Volunteers from Buffalo were quick to respond. In tonight’s special report, senior correspondent rich Newberg and photographer Mike Mombre take us to Ground Zero now five months later to find Western New Yorkers still at work.&#13;
How do you mend a hole at the heart of a city?   How do you pay homage to 3000 innocent lives suddenly snuffed out? Every day, workers are lowered into the pit where bodies have yet to be recovered. American flags are everywhere. People are working together for a common cause but scars for some run so deep that they can see nothing good ever coming out of this disaster.&#13;
For me at this point to say that anything good can come of this that I can see anything good coming out of this. It’s a – that’s a long way away. I thought this couldn’t be even be the United State. It looked like a war zone. &#13;
Barbara Janicki knows how difficult it is. The Salvation Army worker from Buffalo was here in September and has come back again. You have a-a bond. It’s a bond that nobody understands unless they’re here. It’s a special bond. At the huge white tent called the bubble workers take a break for food and drink. Sometimes a little counseling. &#13;
They constantly meet to be encouraged to know someone cares about them, to know there’s something spiritual here who can take care of their spiritual needs. Volunteers from Buffalo were there from the very beginning giving help and encouragement in many different ways. Helping to rebuild lives and property. That Century 21 Store right on the edge of disaster is making a comeback and a Western New Yorker is right in the middle of making it happen.&#13;
How you doing? Ron Papa’s National Fire Adjustment Company based in Buffalo had to appraise damages in the tens of millions of dollars. He could barely make his way through the cement dust back in September. It was just everywhere. It was a – it was a white powder that was just everywhere and we were here maybe a half hour or an hour. We had a real problem breathing. The only problem now is meeting tomorrow’s grand opening deadline but Century 21 is coming back. I think it’s just done giving a message to everybody that we are not, not going to put it, We’re not going to take it. That’s all and the people, people in New York and- and all over the world could see that nobody’s going to kick us around. &#13;
From a-top Century 21, Ron Papa has gotten the big picture of the task below while helping the Department Sore secure enough money to get back in business. He too says it all makes a statement to the world. &#13;
If there’s any city or any nation that’s going to be able to do it, it’s going to be ere and it’s going to –&#13;
The grand re-opening of Century 21 will be carried by TV stations all over the world. It was the biggest and the closest business to ground zero and Ron Papa of Buffalo is credited by the store owners with helping the business get back to its feet. &#13;
Well those are some amazing pictures there and you have more coming up at six now. I walk with the governor around Ground Zero and he hasn’t forgotten our needs in this neck of the woods.&#13;
Okay, thanks. We’ll see it at six. &#13;
New York Governor George Pataki was in Manhattan when terrorists struck the towers on September 11th. Five months later the Governor walked through Ground Zero with our senior correspondent Rich Newberg.&#13;
It was just incomprehensible. I mean these buildings around us were all on fire. &#13;
Governor George Pataki was brought to Ground Zero by the New York City Fire Department within hours of the attack. Everything was covered with inches of dust from the pulverized concrete that, that just looked like something out of a nuclear nightmare. He appreciates the sacrifice and courage of those who also suffered losses but are still on the site helping out any way they can. That’s in an… to minds that no one will ever forget this. And we never will. For those who work in the so-called pit where bodies are still found – they are enveloped in the horror. You look at it and you’re looking up and it reminds me of a large grave site and I’m uncomfortable down here and you know, I’m uncomfortable anybody has to be there. &#13;
Yet public viewing platforms accommodate thousands of tourists a day. Some people feel compelled to come here to see the reality for themselves. They couldn’t confront the realty through a television alone.&#13;
It just seems like a, a movie. Something that didn’t actually happen because we are so are removed from New York City where we live in Wisconsin. I think it’s important that you allow people to come and pay their respects. Should they rebuild? I think it’s too soon . This is sacred ground. Uh almost 3000 people dies here and many of their remains have not been recovered.&#13;
But the Governor’s focus must now be on rebuilding not only lower Manhattan but a state economy that has been weakened. While we’re using Federal funds for Lower Manhattan, I proposed an empire opportunity fund. Two billion dollars targeted to upstate to help communities like Buffalo – to help them fight for jobs, to help them redevelop themselves as we redevelop Lower Manhattan. Wat about the Falls? We’re going to keep moving the floor with the Falls, The funding commitment for the USA and Niagara is absolutely there and we are going to do it. The Governor has said USA and Niagara will redevelop the falls with the same commitment the state made to revitalize Times Square. &#13;
Excuse me Governor, I was wondering if I can impose upon you to sign this for my …&#13;
Sure, I’d be happy to. Thank you very much.&#13;
I’m proud of you guys. It’s more than five months after the attack and yet the spirit is still there. The sense of mission, the sense of unity, the sense of purpose that might not have existed on September 10th is still there.&#13;
It’s all mind boggling. Well the governor says 20 billion dollars for rebuilding Manhattan will come from the federal government. His two billion dollar plan to help cities like Buffalo must be approved by the state legislature.&#13;
Don and Carol.. &#13;
Thanks very much, Rich. &#13;
Yup &#13;
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                <text>“One Survivor’s Story” &#13;
Five months after the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers in Lower Manhattan, Western New Yorkers were still lending support at Ground Zero. &#13;
&#13;
One of the environmental cleanup experts, Steve Sherman, had found a wallet in the debris containing the Buffalo driver’s license of Sheri Leach. She had been on the 78th floor of Tower One when one of the wings of the plane that had penetrated the building made contact with her floor. &#13;
&#13;
Sheri’s survival and her meeting with Steve Sherman is the basis of the first story in this collection of reports by Rich Newberg. &#13;
&#13;
“Western New Yorkers Lend a Hand”&#13;
In February 2001, bodies were still being recovered from under the debris at Ground Zero. &#13;
&#13;
Buffalo Salvation Army workers Barbara Janicki and Maj. June Carlson were among those giving help and encouragement to responders still on the scene. &#13;
&#13;
Ron Papa of Buffalo helped assess damages to the Century 21 department store on the site. He recalls barely making his way through the cement dust following the September attack. &#13;
&#13;
“Governor Pataki at Ground Zero”&#13;
In his final report in this series, Rich Newberg meets with New York Governor George Pataki at Ground Zero. The Governor was in Manhattan on 9/11 and shares his feelings after New York City firefighters brought him to the scene of mass destruction.</text>
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              <text>All the breaking news that we are following tonight Clarence Center, a plane unknown what type of plane has crashed tonight into a home on Long Street in Price Center. And it is a commercial plane and be the first time in the history of the Buffalo Niagara airport that we've had a plane crash of a commercial flight here. News four's Lisa Flynn is live right now in Clarence center with new information right now Lisa Jackie it appears to be just that I've just spoken to a representative from New York State Police. He's standing right at the scene. He confirms for me that it was a large jetliner that crashed with 5060 people on board. He says that jetliner is fully involved as is the home. I also spoke to Trisha Cruz who was able to get right to the scene and she said it crashed right near the Clarence center fire hall which is right on Clarence center road and that's exactly what we were told that it was in that area. Now, Trisha tells me that the whole area is filled with a thick smoke. We could barely see anything. So there are dozens of emergency vehicles that have responded to the scene. Firefighters trying to put out the blades. But we have been told again it was a large commercial jetliner that crashed over there. With 50 to 60 people on board their fate is not known. To what's right now but it doesn't sound good out there. Dan and Jackie. Are residents this was a traumatic experience as you can imagine. As far as Rob Mac I was spoke with people who live near the spot where flight 3407 went down Fire fighters spent the night at the crash scene spraying water and foam on the wreckage. You can see large pieces of the plane on top of and behind the level house on Long Street in Clarence center. Sam ... lives about a block away and heard an unusually loud engine noise. I knew some was up and I thought to myself What about plane crashes and right when I saw that I heard a huge explosion over there. And in my periphery I saw like the window I saw the orange. The orange flash and I knew a plane crash. Sam rushed to the scene because he knows the people who live next door to the house the plane hit you can feel the heat already very hot. It was very bright. The flames were very... Shirley Hammond lives at the corner of long and Naples. She was doing a puzzle. She heard the noise and then she came to her window and couldn't believe what she saw and heard this awful noise I went over to the kitchen window and I think that noise and the light coming down and all of a sudden me I went bang fire and I yelled to my husband I just get out of bed. I said the plane came in originally thought the plane crashed in her yard and the magnitude of this crash didn't hit her until much later. I thought maybe it was a little small plane. And then they tell me it's a big one. I don't think I want my daughter come back from Florida. Even as firefighters continue their efforts, investigators wasted no time getting here to begin their search for answers. In Clarence center. Rob Macco us for fear immeasurable heartbreak. How did it happen? And we've already done some initial analysis and auditions those recordings Why did flight 3407 fall from the sky? And good evening. No one ever expected it to happen here but it did. 50 lives lost in that fiery disaster. And the search for answers has only just begun. We begin our live team coverage tonight with news for investigative reporter Luke Moretti in Clarence. Now, Lou, at least that's right. Federal investigators arrived in the Buffalo area around 830 this morning and the first order of business get the black box recorders and start piecing the puzzle together. Wow, something went terribly wrong five miles from the Buffalo Niagara International Airport This aircraft was five miles out. All of a sudden we have always thought that aircraft continental flight 3407 fell off the radar screen on final approach crashing into a home and Clarence sounded like the plane like the engine was like sputtering and then next you know just kind of like cut out you can hear just like a big ball of flame. 50 people died 49 on board and Doug Wielinsky who was in his Clarence home when the plane came crashing down. His wife Karen and their daughter Jill escaped the home with minor injuries. Hours later, federal investigators recovered the cockpit voice and flight data recorders entertaining conversations that crew was having leading up to a buffalo landing. Say we're talking about significant ice buildup on the windshield and on the leading edge of the wings. Investigators say that the icing button was selected but it's unclear if it actually worked. Then one minute before the end of the recording the landing gear goes down the airplane experienced severe pitch and roll moments. We saw that on the flight data recorder not normal says the NTSB Steve .. remember they're setting up to land. So you would expect the airplane to be flying nice and smooth landing configuration getting slower and slower so they couldn't get down to the landing speed and flying straight and level. Meanwhile, Buffalo FBI agents continue assisting with evidence gathering and recovery. They're still does not appear to be anything through our interviews that we've gleaned that would indicate at this time that there is any criminal activity involved or anything else to that matter. In the coming days. The Erie County Medical Examiner's Office will be working to recover the remains of victims from the Clarence crash site. Health Commissioner Dr. Anthony Billitier says it could take weeks and require DNA matching part of what we all need is to obtain DNA from family members and any DNA that may exist from the victims from the past or life back here and Clarence the Erie County Medical Examiner's Office is providing daily briefings for family members in an effort to answer their questions and hopefully provide some comfort. In the meantime, the FBI is asking anyone with information about the crash to call them at 71685678 800 That's 7168567 810 20 Tonight, and just a few minutes from now will mark 24 hours since the crash and the Erie County Sheriff's Office is going to conduct a minute of silence to mark this tragic event. recovery phase of this continues first thing in the morning. We're live in Clarence tonight, Luke Moretti for the 10 o'clock Yeah. All right, thanks. Well, a normal night at home instantly turned into a nightmare for the family inside the house the plane barrel into and tonight we're about to hear from the wife and mother who made it out alive. I happen to notice a little light on the right of need. That tiny bit of light was Karen Wielinsky ray of hope she has survived the impact of the plane striking your Longstreet home and Clarence center. Taryn told WBEN radio how she got out and then just kind of pushed what was the part of that often sold out the hole? Karen's 22 year old daughter Jill was upstairs in the front of the house when the plane hit she to miraculously survived and found an opening and when I got her I mean of course she wanted to know where duck was. I didn't know. And to me, it looks like the plane just came down in the middle of the house. And unfortunately, that's where Doug was. Karen's husband, 61 year old Doug Wielinsky did not make it out. Karen says Doug was in the dining room working then his beloved sports memorabilia when the plane hit the woolen skis are well known in the Clarence School District, where Karen's a secretary, dog and engineer is a Vietnam veteran who frequently came to the school to do lectures on Vietnam. When students were always enthralled. There is like, just a vibrant person. As we told you, the families of those lost in the crash of Flight 3407 knew the crash site for the first time yesterday. senior correspondent rich Newberg talk with the parents with 34 year old Jennifer Neal, who was expecting her first child. He joins us now live from Clarence. Well, the Neil family has shown extraordinary courage during these trying times. Jim Neil has reached out to so many others it's part of his way of dealing with the pain. We thank the Lord for the faith keeps kind of keeps us glued together. It was the faith of Jim and Mary Neal that helped them stay strong when they visited the crash site of flight 3407 on Monday. Their daughter Jennifer, six months pregnant perished in the crash. Her fiancé Todd Ecker said he needed to go to the site and the family accompanied him just to have seen the site I think maybe most important and to promote a type of closure. There was heavy lifting a plane parts and sounds you would hear at a construction site. But Jim Neil was focused on first responders and uniformed officers and the dignity they showed the families it was hard for him to talk about it. I don't know if it will get through it. But it's unbelievable. The face of God is everywhere. at the crash site, Jim Neil wanted to reach out to everyone and try to help ease their pain and sacred ground. There are 50 people that I prayed for, even though I'm one of them, but they needed and the security people needed hugs he said Jim Neill wanted to have them on and the families as a group and thanked all of the agencies involved for the respect and the dignity they have shown. Reporting live in Clarence Rich Newburgh news for at five. For the families that have visited the crash site talking about that experience can be very painful with the parents of Jennifer Neal who was expecting her first child or learning leaning their fate to pull them through. senior correspondent rich Newberg is live tonight in Clarence with their story rich. Well, Jim Neill has reached out to all the families and even first responders right from the beginning because helping others seems to help him deal with his loss. Amid the flowers and confusion of the crash site, there was the father of gender for meal rain, not only for the soul of his daughter, but for everyone around him as well. It's sacred ground. There are 50 people here that I prayed for, even though I'm one of them, but they needed. Governor David Paterson was struck by Jim Neal's outreach the day after the crash when the governor met with the families was walking around consoling the families of the other loved ones that were lost, and we ended up learning that he was actually someone who had lost his daughter, a daughter. Who couldn't wait to be a new mother, a woman with a sense of humor and a sense of compassion. at the crash site. Her father was comforted by those around him and in some way wanted to return the feeling. There must have been a couple of 100 state police and sheriff there and I wanted to hug them all but you can. Well, Jim Neil says faith is the glue that has held his family together and all the families of bank all the agencies that responded the way they did with dignity and respect. Reporting live from parents rich Newberg news four and six. Sharon's Jonah and Jake suddenly left without a mother lit a candle in her memory and 1000 people in mourning try to hold on to the image of Susan Whaley, the spirited and spiritual woman with a contagious smile. We still see Susan in our mind's eye we see her magnificent face smile or bouncing curly hair. As the daughter of Holocaust survivors Cantor Susan Whaley reached out with a one world view to all generations especially the young and had developed a program for Jewish Muslim and Christian youth so they could discover what they had in common. Not one thing that's been untouched at a loss or every one of us has been touched by Susan spirit, her home and her outreach for peace among us all. And this service was filled with music many of the songs Susan would say, to inspire others to make a difference in the world. Honor Susan by kindling your own lane, which Kindles that farewell you made your mark and all here today are your witnesses. Rich Newberg news four One week after the tragedy the parents of Ellyce Kausner are sharing memories of their daughter. They sat down today with senior correspondent rich Newberg. It just feels so incomplete without her Ellyce Kausner was a child who blazed her own path in life. She was on her way to a law degree and was always ready to take anyone on in a verbal sparring match. He would spark some controversy or say some outrageous thing that would get us all laughing and she had a passion for a life a love of animals and found great joy and sharing good times with her for nephews and a niece knowing those times are gone forever. Adds to the pain for Ellie sister. overwhelming grief that they will not have her. There is so much love that is that I feel like as has been stripped away from them. Ellie's brother Chris was among the first people at the scene of the crash and found the courage to tell his family and the community what had just happened. But a week later, Chris is having problems dealing with that moment. The whole part where she dies in a fiery plane crash in our backyard. On national news. I cannot get my head around that. Ellie's Father John remembers the last minutes with his daughter his last minute decision to have lunch with her down in Florida six days before the crash even though he was busy and running late. She looked at me with a really nice and bright smiles and I love you guys and I love you honey. I'll see you soon. Kids turn until we left and that was a great memory for me. Take a moment to tell those you love how you feel about them said John Klausner adding you just never know. Rich Newberg News Four we first heard about the loss of Ellyce from her brother on that terrible night a week ago tonight. The family talk with senior correspondent rich Newberg about Ellyce live saying she packed a lot into her 24 years heading for a law degree and hoping someday to raise a family. Their family was close knit and her father remembers his last minutes with Ellie when he made time to have lunch with her. She looked really nice and bright smile and said, I love you dearly. And I said I love you honey. I'll see you soon. kissed her and that's how we left and that was a great memory for me. Tell them you love them says John never take a moment he says adding you just never know. You can see Rich's entire interview with the Kausner Family on our website@wib.com we all remember the crash of Flight 30 4072 and a half months ago. That's right. Tonight...takes us on an emotional journey with a widow who visited the crash site today for the very first time. The neighborhood is quiet. The sky is blue. And for Jennifer West. It's the very first time she's been to the flight 34 07 crash site in Clarence center it almost looks like nothing happened. Exactly. Exactly. it in a way that's spoken in a way that I don't want to forget and that's why I think a Park would be really nice. Husband Ernie West a Northrop Grumman employee was on the ill fated plane. Now Jennifer is left caring for their two year old daughter's summer. She can't help but think of her husband's last moments. Can you imagine this break? Darren Tolsma also a Northrop Grumman employee died in the crash. He survived by his wife Robin and their two children Darren and Nicky. Both wives have become very close since suffering such a profound loss. Robin postman says visiting the site it says some comfort from the pain we try so hard to like fool ourselves into thinking that they're like their own business trip still and that they're gonna come home. You know, that's how we sometimes get through the day. Almost. It's a denial thing. Yeah, very much because we didn't get to see them and say goodbye. The crash site on Long Street remains empty. Much like Robin and Jennifer feel inside. They take stones from the ground, a way of finding something that was lost in this neighborhood. So many questions, never knowing I don't know what additional ones I don't know anything I just know that he's not here. Next month, the National Transportation Safety Board will hold hearings on the plane crash. Family members who lost loved ones are hoping to get some answers the truth about what happened. Robin and Jennifer say they will lean on each other to get through it. Luke Moretti news for if we had known say when Captain Renslow was in training that we had falsified his application and left off to fail check rides he would have been immediately dismissed. Good evening, federal investigators are now questioning whether long commutes low pay and a misleading job application may have all added up to disaster in the cockpit of flight 3407 A second day of NTSB hearing shifted to the backgrounds of both the captain and his first officer. Tonight. We do though that first officer Rebecca Shaw made a base salary of just over $16,000 a year. She flew from Seattle to Newark the night before the crash and was often seen sleeping overnight in the crew room, and that's against company policy. Investigative reporter Luke Moretti is in Washington tonight low pay and long commutes are what investigators focused in on during day two of the crash. Erin's one NTSB board member called it a recipe for disaster. In the case of flight 34 07 Full pilot Rebecca Shaw was paid a salary solo about $16,000 a year she worked a second job at one point I can't believe it my son will be starting off more than intern with a two year degree and and and the first officer also worked at a coffee house as well as flying the aircraft that's ridiculous. And Shaw may have been suffering from .. for having to commute to her job in New Jersey from her home in Seattle. When we get on a plane every time every one of us gets on the plane. We think that's a Top Gun pilot that Toronto that's flying this plane. And this testimony we hear that that's not always the case being wild. Colgan air executives were peppered with questions about the thoroughness of background checks for prospective pilots. Captain Marvin Renslow According to testimony, failed pre check rides or pilot tests before Hogan hired them. If we had known say when Captain Renzo was in training, we had falsified his application and left off to fail check rides, he would have been immediately dismissed. Colgan officials acknowledge that rents low and Shaw were not paying close attention to the planes instruments and did not follow airline procedures for responding to his stall. I asked the National Transportation Safety board's acting chairman, how that fits into the agency's investigation. That's what resulted in the accident. But this accident may have begun. The events that created the accidents may have this Act may have gotten not just an hour or two or three before, but maybe days, maybe months, maybe even years. Family members of flight 34 07 crash victims we're back on Capitol Hill once again, as he helped make air travel safer in Washington loop. My resume is four. Day three of the National Transportation Safety board's hearing wrapped up here in Washington DC. Once again pilot training was the focus. Federal investigators dig for answered on this last day of hearings in the Colgan air crash or questions about what the crew did not do think this crew went from complacency to catastrophe in 30 seconds and they didn't see it coming. 50 people died in Clarence Center when a plane stalled and crashed. According to testimony Captain Marvin run slow pull the nose up when he should have done the opposite. In this case, I don't see any evidence that he ever understood the situation some NTSB board members expressed frustration in the way the FAA deals with the agency's safety recommendations. Ask for changes based on accidents based on serious situations. And the fact is, change doesn't really happen. We have to have a collaborative process in place to work because it's not an issue that can be solved. solely from directing family members of crash victims listen to three days of testimony detailing all that went wrong. The bottom line is they weren't trained to handle the situation they were told. She by her own record said she'd never seen it before that is unimaginable their week in Washington brought a lot of pain and watched an animation of the last moments of the flight on a big screen. They read the cockpit voice recorder transcript as disturbing as it was, but they had each other get through a scene with all the other families. That a huge comfort for me. It really has there's no one who can understand what we're going through except for families. It could be months before the NTSB releases an official cause of the crash and Clarence Center. The meantime a Senate subcommittee on aviation announced today that it will hold hearings next month to regional airlines safe in Washington move correct news. National Transportation Safety Board reveals the probable cause of the crash of white burden 407. Almost one year after the tragedy and crime center federal investigators blamed pilot error and claim the FAA has failed to address critical problems allowing history to repeat itself at the expense of many lives. And it's the same thing over and over again. We have made recommendations time after time after time they have not been heated by the FAA are good evening to you the NTSB says complacency and critical failures by the pilots apply for the pool seven lead to catastrophe. Today in Washington investigators say weather did not cause the crash, but rather a captain Marvin Renslow became startled and confused with a plane Stick Shaker activated. Investigators also pointed out critical errors in the final seconds of flight saying happened Red Bull is the exact opposite of what he should have done to recover from a stall. The hearing also citing unnecessary pocket conversation and cell phone use. Colgan air pilot training is being questioned along with the FAA in response to safety recommendations. That will begin our extensive team coverage tonight with us or senior correspondent which neighbor who's joining us live tonight from Washington. Good evening rich. Hello Jackie. Well, the problems that caused the crash of Flight 3407 are not new and that is hard for families to hear. But western New York families who lost loved ones are getting a lot of help in their fight to bring about change. It was an emotional start for some families of crash victims that had not seen the video simulation of flight 3407 going out of control I just can't imagine the fear that everyone felt. And I'm glad I watched it because I want to be with Him in every moment. Fear brought on after the Colgan pilots mishandled the warning says the NTSB that the plane was about to stall the appropriate response to the stall a response that may have reflected inadequate training by Colgan air on the prevention and recovery of full stalls should Colgan have been training full stalls in the simulator. Yes or no? Yes. And in the airline industry, it isn't saying its speed is like and clearly the reason this thing went down is they weren't monitored vigorously. The NTSB has more than 20 safety recommendations for the FAA, including areas of pilot performance training and fatigue issues that we've seen time and time again. And unfortunately, it's taking 50 more lives for us to focus additional attention on these issues that have not been addressed. The FAA slow response to change has been frustrating for these families and their supporters, including the co pilot who helped land a plane on the Hudson it's been a year now since this accident, and absolutely nothing has changed. We've got nothing but rhetoric and studies and talk from the FAA. The families are insisting on 1500 hours of flight training or regional airline islands. Jennifer West brought a rock from the crash site and an angel carrying the name Becky, for the mother of 3407. copilot Rebecca Shaw is to let her know that we know she's going through the same pain of losing a daughter and that you know we stand behind her. The NTSB has more than 20 safety recommendations for the FAA, including areas of pilot performance training and fatigue issues that we've seen time and time again, and unfortunately, it's taken 50 more lives for us to focus additional attention on these issues that have not been addressed. The FAA slow response to change has been frustrating for these families and their supporters, including the co pilot who help land a plane on the Hudson. It's been a year now since this accident and absolutely nothing has changed. We've got nothing but rhetoric and studies and talk from the FAA. The families are insisting on 1500 hours of flight training for regional airline miles. Jennifer West brought our rock from the crash site, and an angel carrying the name Becky, for the mother of 3407 co pilot Rebecca Shaw is to let her know that we know she's going through the same pain of losing a daughter and that you know, we stand behind her. I just want to say to the families and the friends who lost people, literal families and sorry for their loss are now coming up at 530 The Safety Board Chairman talks about the families many from the Buffalo area and the role that they are playing in trying to move the FAA into action. Reporting live in Washington which Newburgh news for at five buffalo families are relentless longing for reform and claim it some are claiming that there's been a death year at higher levels at the FAA level. I have to tell you, the families in this accident have been simply amazing. We have seen some incredible grace come out of people who've gone through the worst experience of their life, to really come together and try to determine if there's anything that's good that could come from this. It's to make sure that no one has to go through what they went through. They have been a strong voice. They have been aggressive. They've been educated on the issues. And they've been a great help to the Safety Board as we try to focus attention on issues related to this accident. Today's finding cited fatal mistakes at a point when every second counted. US for investigative reporter we have the next layer of our team coverage tonight. Will Jackie errors by the pilots not icing that's the word from federal investigators who have spent nearly a year examining the crash of Flight 34 07. Today's report described the startled crew reacting improperly. pilot error tops the list of factors and the crash must always know what her speech are at all the time. Federal investigators say Captain Marvin wrens low and first officer Rebecca Shaw did not take action as the plane's airspeed slowed his failure to make standard ...s for even a declarative statement associated with recovery it can further suggest that he was not responding to the situation using the Welborn habit pattern. They even entered contradictory Speed Warning information into the cockpit computer before takeoff according to NTSB stat. In the final seconds of the flight, the plane Stick Shaker warning of a stall activated, there was adequate time for the food to take action before the stick shaker that was followed by the plane stick pusher that points the plane's nose down during his stall investigators say Captain Rennes lo made the wrong decision by pulling back on the stick. He did it not once but three times. The captain's improper flight controller was for instead consistent with startle and confusion. Last year news for flew with test pilots from Cal spans Niagara Falls operation they showed us what it's like when the stick shaker and pusher activate a shaker. Notice I can come in and out of the shaker all I want. Investigators say First Officers shots should have stepped in to take action before the situation was not recoverable. I do think there was time it wasn't just a split second thing I think this is a fairly large stable spray wing airplane. There was time to evaluate the situation and take recovery. Another issue involves the non essential talk between the pilots during the flight from Newark to Buffalo board member Robert some wall an airline captain for more than 20 years summed it up this way. It was as if the flight was just a means for the captain to conduct a conversation with this young first officer. Now Colgan air which operated the flight for Continental was also criticized for not giving Renzo remedial attention. Despite his failures on several check rides. The company said in a statement that the pilots were properly trained and how to recover from a stall. Luke Moretti News Four Well family is unable to make it to Washington for today's hearing are relying on each other to remain strong as more answers are revealed. Use for His glory Schultz is live from the Millennium hotel and she grew up with tonight Laurie? Well Jackie right now there's a 10 minute break so you can see the doors to the Cleveland room are open and that's where family members have been watching the hearing via satellite here. At the millennium. It's been a long emotional day for all of them, including a clearance mom who lost her husband and her home in the crash. This is something that happened at my house and that's her. Karen Wielinsky can easily recall the night flight 3407 crashed and her clearance home She not only lost her husband, she and her daughter survived. I don't know that right off I know. It's rough rough for my girls to go down and see the flight Wielinski in about 30 family members whose loved ones perished in the crash watch the hearings via satellite at the Millennium Hotel. Shannon Green's husband Brad was on that flight. His wedding band was retrieved she wears it around her neck of the water. So it's my husband. She's pushing for mandated legislation regarding pilot training. Captain to me means a leader and somebody ready to go ready to leave. And I'm disappointed and I guess I expect more from the industry. Michael ... you know hopes the FAA listens to the recommendations. His wife Dawn was killed on that flight. It is a great opportunity. But I'm not all that confident that changes will be made. The aviation industry is lobbying hard changes from being made, but the 3407 group is well organized and stands united. Karen Wielinski is right there with them. The work to do now is to get the recommendations implemented and and to get some changes made that are gonna stop things like this from happening. And Karen also says that she's very pleased that the findings are being released prior to the one year anniversary next week. She's not sure what she's going to do but she does know for sure that she won't be going to the site now much more on that coming up at 530. Live and to do all the Lori Schultz needs for the head of the FAA faced a grilling today on Capitol Hill amid passionate calls to prevent another tragedy like the crash of Flight 3407. This comes on the heels of the NTSB stunning report on the cause of the crash news for senior correspondent Rich Newberg brings us the very latest tonight, rich? While the FAA is new administrator Randy Babbitt is big on voluntary compliance by the airline when it comes to safety standards. But a year after the crash of Flight 3407 That isn't going over well with victims families, lawmakers or the government's chief inspector for transportation. Progress has been slow in implementing initiatives with the greatest potential to improve safety before the House aviation subcommittee, harsh criticism of the FAA now under a new administrator Randy Babbitt, who did not win points when he said change could be years in the making installation The industry didn't devolve into the state of where we see serious gaps in professionalism and attention in the cockpit overnight. It took years and it's gonna take us years to get it bring it back. I think the confidence of the American public is reducing every day that we delay. The crash in Clarence now attributed to pilot error has again raised issues that must be addressed issues of pilot training, professionalism and hiring practices, the poor performing pilot and the pilot in the Colgan crash who repeatedly failed certain training evolutions and we need to be concentrating more on hiring practices with some of the airlines and and weeding some of these folks out that do not belong in the cockpit families of 3407. crash victims had hoped FAA action on tougher safety standards would be implemented as quickly as possible, but unfortunately, as possible means what looks to be a very long timeline. And that's the very frustrating part about this With this bureaucracy that is the FAA has been so screwed up and tied in a knot over the last several years that to wait for them to get something done despite Babbitt's best efforts is going to take too long and that's why I think we need legislation. And Senator Schumer expects the Senate to bring up the FAA bill in the next month. Many provisions have the backing of the families of crash victims and Senator Schumer says he will add an amendment requiring 1500 hours of training for both the pilot and co pilot. Reporting live rich Newberg news for at five. Robin Tolsma who lost her husband Darren in the crash says it's time for President Obama to weigh in on this legislation. Tolsma sent this question to Katie Couric through wivb.com She said I want to know why President Obama has not mentioned one single word about the FAA reauthorization bill, which would save 1000s of lives each year. CBS News is asking viewers to send in their questions for Katie Couric presidential interview, which airs this Sunday before the Superbowl. The families applied for the 407 will reunite on the anniversary of the crash next Friday, February 12. The public is invited to join in a memorial walk which will begin at the crash site on Long Street in Clarence center and continue on to the buffalo airport. There will be several rest stops along the way. If you'd like to register you can find a link on Wi Fi ve.com. So we ask for your safety today to keep us safe and to keep the memory and presence of our loved ones in our hearts. After a prayer the relatives and friends of crash victims set out for the airport and miles away to complete the journey. They're loved. She wouldn't be the first one I'd get my check today. She really was a great daughter a great sister. She would just persevere. To love you. We want to honor our people. We're marching for a cause and aviation safety change. Let's take the untrained, tired, unqualified train and make a better system. That's what that's what the goal is the House of Representatives in October the master very comprehensive bill that will be the biggest change in aviation safety since the FAA was formed if we had to deal with a lot of problems in the Senate right now. The memorial walkers were greeted by schoolchildren from the Nativity of various schools and clouds their parishes lost three of its members in the crash. We need to support them, the families and show them that we actually really care about them and that we want them to know that our loves. After about five hours, the marchers reached the airport. They had been joined by Senator Chuck Schumer, who walked the last mile with that, but the road to change can be long and winding a community. Hopefully it continues saying look, we notice a problem and why don't we fix it it's hard but family members of flight 3407 victims find courage and strength in the aftermath of tragedy tonight at 1017 It will be the 360/5 time I've had that countdown but devastation of losing loved ones serves as the catalyst for change. We're here because we're concerned about the safety of those leaving here this morning. The safety of your loved ones family members have been pushing for better training for pilots, especially those on regional airlines like Colgan air, which operated flight 3407 That's the plane that crashed in Clarence center one year ago. This news conference is another opportunity for families to push the FAA and the government to take action Today was a 10 mile walk. And the last year was at least 1000 miles for us all. I do have to remind you the next month or two months in Washington is going to feel like 10,000 miles. The Senate is set to look at legislation improving airline safety including requiring newly hired co pilots to have 1500 hours of flying experience. Now we're going to march the last mile to get all of the changes that they have sought enacted into law Captain Jeff Stiles The Miracle on the Hudson co pilot hopes those changes come soon. For the sake of everyone. Anybody who knows me knows I do not like to be called a hero. People call me a hero. I am not these people are the buffalo families. You are all my heroes. You will always be my heroes. Heroes vowing to be heard in honor of loved ones last mile is ... news for the families of flight 3407 Share with a call a smoking gun against Colgan air. It's a major story you saw it first on Wi bv.com Good evening everyone Jackie's often I know one investigates like news for chilling evidence from the families of flight 3407 that they say will prove that pilot Marvin Winslow should not have been in the cockpit on that fateful night. News four's Rich Newberg brings us the shocking developments now rich Don, these are the emails that attorneys for the victims of flight 3407 Say provide a smoking gun leading up to the 2009 crash in Clarence center. The crash of Flight 3407 killed 49 passengers including a pregnant woman and one man in his home on Long Road in Clarence. Families of victims have said the pilot Marvin Winslow was not qualified to handle the queue 400 bombard the aircraft. Now their attorneys say they had the emails to prove it. These emails in our judgment prove that Cogan sacrificed safety for profits. Internal emails from Colgan air is top management mentioned runs low as a possible candidate to fly the q 400. You might want to check the training records there is something in the back of my mind on Rennes low says dot Chaplain Caulkins chief pilot Bill Honan says yes, you are correct. Renzo had a problem upgrading Harry Mitchell Colgan is Vice President of Operations says anyone that does not meet the men's minimum requirements and had problems and training before is not ready to tackle the queue. Bill Honan says he is already off the list. Harry Mitchell. Great thanks. A month later say attorneys Rennes low was flying the aircraft. I might add that Colgan is not able to prove that Marvin wrens low underweight underwent any kind of remedial training or other special training that would have changed him from a position of not being qualified to being qualified. An attorney for Colgan air told me Captain Renslow had passed the Q 400 test and would had to have passed in order to have flown the aircraft that day. He would not comment further. But Maryland counselor who's 24 year old daughter Ellie died in the crash says this renews her heart ache because she believes the crash was preventable. Airlines knew they had unqualified pilots. They put them in the air anyway, the consequences were deadly. And it's such a callousness. towards human life. Attorneys for victims families say Colgan was struggling financially in 2008. While expanding its air routes and increasing the size of its planes. They say the airline was desperately looking for pilots. More on that coming up at six reporting live rich Newburgh news for at five Thanks Rich be sure to stay with us for and Wi vb.com For the very latest latest and these major developments in the flight 3407 story. New emails suggest the pilot of doom continental flight 3407 was not qualified to be in the cockpit. We broke the story first on wi v v.com. And senior correspondent rich Newberg has what attorneys called the smoking gun tonight Rich, well done these are emails now made public that attorneys for victims families say proves that Captain Marvin Rennes Lowe was not qualified to fly the plane that crashed in Clarence Kogan managers were talking about Renslow. These are quotes you may want to check the records. There was something on the back of my mind on Winslow. Yes, you are correct. Renzo had a problem upgrading anyone that does not meet the men's minimum requirements. And had problems and training before is not ready to tackle the queue. That's the cue 400 claim. He is already off the list. Great. Thanks. A month later say attorneys Renzo was flying the aircraft. I have not taken news this hard and a long time and I don't know what it is. I think it's I think it's just the outrage that they didn't care. I want attorney for Colgan air told me Captain Winslow was qualified to fly the Q 400 aircraft he had no further comment we'll hear from an attorney for the victims families coming up at six reporting live rich Newberg news for had 530. Just ahead flight 3407 families say the emails are the smoking gun against Colgan air and news for has and three serious injuries after grinding crash into a tree news for it six starts right here right now. You're watching Tony YV TV, probably serving buffalo griffins here and all of Western New York. With Jackie Walker, Don Vogel's sports with John Murphy and whether Whitman while just don Vaughn live from California in Buffalo, keeping you connected. This is new four at 6am Good evening everyone. Jackie is off tonight. You're seeing this story first on four news for has the emails of flight 3407 attorneys are calling the smoking gun and their case against Colgan air senior correspondent Rich Newberg reports. The Colgan emails indicate the airline new the pilot was not qualified for that cockpit. In the months before the crash of Flight 3407 and Claridge which claimed 50 lives including a pregnant woman, Colgan air was expanding its air routes and moving to bigger planes. According to her attorneys for victims families. Colgan was struggling financially. Colgan was undertaking a new program with new planes, these two 400 planes 15 of them and at the time Colgan was desperately looking for pilots to fly these planes Internal emails from Colgan air as top management mentioned runs low as a possible candidate to fly the q 400. You might want to check the training records. There is something in the back of my mind on Renslow says dot Chaplain Caulkins chief pilot Bill Honan says yes you are correct. Resnlow had a problem upgrading. Harry Mitchell Colgan's Vice President of Operations says anyone that does not meet the men's minimum requirements and had problems and training before is not ready to tackle the queue. Bill Honan says he is already off the list. Harry Mitchell. Great thanks. A month later say attorneys Rennes Lowe was flying the aircraft. These emails in our judgment prove that Colgan sacrificed safety for profits. An attorney for Colgan air told me Captain Renzo had passed the cue 400 test and would had to have passed in order to have flown the aircraft that day. He would not comment further. But Marilyn counselor who's 24 year old daughter Ellie died in the crash says this renews her heartache because she believes the crash was preventable. The airlines knew they had unqualified pilots. They put them in the air anyway, the consequences were deadly. And it's such a callousness towards human life. Colgan had been fighting the public release of the emails until today. victims families have told me they wanted them released to help prevent this type of accident from ever happening again. Attorney Hugh rush told me the families believe this is the smoking gun. Reporting live rich Newberg news for at six Also tonight the government is getting tough on the airline accused of putting an unqualified pilot in the cockpit of flight 3407 It's a major development tied to a news for investigation. The federal government is now telling Pinnacle airlines to hand over the so called smoking gun. News force rich Newberg was first to expose the stunning emails. He brings us the latest tonight rich Pinnacle airlines the parent company of Colgan whose plane crash and clarity in 2009 has been ordered by federal accident investigators to turn over records that had been withheld. The crash killed all 49 people are on board including a pregnant woman and one man on the ground. During the hearings by the National Transportation Safety Board Kogan officials testified that pilot Captain Marvin Renslow was fully qualified to captain that aircraft but emails from Colgan top management later produced during court proceedings indicated rents low had been dropped from the list of pilots eligible to fly the new Q 400 plane that was being introduced into the fleet at the time. A month later. Renslow was flying that aircraft that crashed and Clarence there's strong reaction tonight to the demand by the Feds that Colgan turned over those emails as part of the federal investigation of this crash. As far as the family members go, we feel that Cogan hid this information because they knew it was out there and they knew it would make them look bad and it would have changed the way the investigation was handled by the NTSB or Western New York delegation. As the United States Attorney General to investigate this as well because you don't have a federal investigation in a plane crash and withhold relevant emails. That's not right. We want to find out too that he charged that he brought a spokesman for Pinnacle airlines just minutes ago told me tonight the company will comply with the NTSB request for those emails and remains confident that the company was in full compliance with FAA regulations. Much more coming up at six reporting live rich Newberg news four and five. You saw this story first time for now the National Transportation Safety Board is ordering Colgan air to produce those internal emails questioning the qualifications of the flight 3407 pilot, our senior correspondent rich Newbern broke the story and he brings us the latest almost three years after flight 3407 crashed and Clarence Center killing everyone on board and one man on the ground. Federal accident investigators are ordering Colgan air as parent company Pinnacle airlines to turn over emails from Colgan top management emails that had questioned the qualifications of pilot Marvin wrens low on the queue 400 aircraft, the plane that crashed. Those emails had surfaced in a lawsuit by victims families. I don't know how anybody could take anything that Colgan produces as truth at this point. A Colgan airlines spokesman told me the company will comply with the National Transportation Safety board's request for the emails and remains confident that the company was in full compliance with FAA regulations. But Western New York's lawmakers in Washington are calling for an expanded federal investigation. But we talked to the head of the NTSB we said you ought to be calling for a reinvestigation or at least ask for is there any other information out there that's been with help the victims families who have been fighting for tougher FAA regulations regarding the amount of training for pilots and issues of pilot fatigue, believe their cause has picked up momentum. If anything, what this will do is it'll show how strongly we need this legislation in place that we can't have a lapse in pilot training or pilot fatigue, especially the training. Congresswoman Cathy Hochul said the western New York delegation in Washington is calling for an investigation by the US Attorney General to see if any charges may be brought in this case. Reporting live Rich Newberg, News four and six. Also tonight, a former insider talks the news for and potentially loads more ammunition for the so called smoking gun in the case of flight 3407 Colgan air has come under fire since the 2009 tragedy and Clarence center and tonight a former employee has come forward she says she wouldn't set foot on a plane operated by Colgan air use for senior correspondent Rich Newberg has the latest in our ongoing investigation. Rich Gina riders scheduled crews for Colgan air at the time flight 3407 went down and Claire in stature and tonight for the first time on television she tells me how Cogan allegedly ran its operation. Sometimes she says compromising safety to save money for wise needs to stop the deception needs to stop Sheena Ryder who is visiting the memorial at Buffalo's Forest Lawn Cemetery where some of the unidentified remains of the crash victims of flight 3407. Are ferried says Colgan air should never have allowed that plane to fly from Newark to Buffalo conditions were icy and another plane that night had slid off the runway at another airport. Flight 3407 had already been delayed two hours. If I was on duty that night, I would have argued with dispatch. I wouldn't let that plane go. Gina had put flight attendant Matilda Quintero on 3407 So Matilda would have more time off with her boyfriend. The crash has left Geno's psychologically scarred, but also angry with Colgan because she says the company would fly pilots who lacked sleep, just to cover each leg of a flight itinerary. Sometimes their flight schedules were changed. Their rest was reduced. It's completely illegal. Just as long as we got it to work in the computer. It was okay Gina has joined a Facebook campaign started by 3407 widow Robin tolsma. A campaign called I will never fly Colgan air. I will never fly their planes Gina responded. Robin who visited her late husband Darren mycelium at Forest Lawn also met with Gina and told her she welcomes her support. Gina told her I'm with you. I'm with you. And I like I always say I'm going to bring COVID I'm coming for you and I'm bringing it home with me. Because I'm not gonna let you do this to one other person. Robin told me says 1600 people have joined her Facebook campaign during the past 11 days. Colgan air responded tonight to our story and this was just the end given that we have not seen the allegations says Colgan, we will not comment on them at this time. Reporting live rich Newberg news for at five. For years, Farr was first to report on Colgan air emails expressing concerns about the qualifications of a pilot who crashed flight 3407 and Clarence center Tonight senior correspondent rich Newberg talks with a former Colgan cruise scheduler, who explains why she will never fly that airline again. Gina Ryder who is visiting a Forest Lawn Cemetery memorial to the victims of flight 3407 says Colgan air should never have allowed that plane to fly from Newark to Buffalo conditions were icy and another plane that night had slid off the runway at another airport. Flight 3407 had already been delayed for two hours. If I Transcribed by https://otter.ai</text>
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                <text>On Thursday, February 12, 2009  at 10:17 pm, Colgan Air Flight 3407 crashed into a house in Clarence Center, a suburb of Buffalo, New York. All forty-nine passengers and crew members were killed. One man in the house also lost his life. &#13;
&#13;
The twin-engine turboprop belonged to Colgan Air, a regional airline company serving Continental Airlines. The flight had originated in Newark, New Jersey. It crashed only a few miles from the Buffalo-Niagara International Airport.&#13;
&#13;
This composite of stories begins the night of the crash. WIVB-TV’s Lisa Flynn was the first to report that it was a commercial airliner that crashed, not a small plane, as had been first thought. The crash sent a shock wave across Western New York. Many of the victims were from the Buffalo area.&#13;
&#13;
Families and friends of those who perished in the crash remembered their loved ones during grief stricken moments, and Western New York went through a period of mourning. Many questions were raised about the cause of the crash and whether the crew had been properly trained to operate this particular aircraft. Family members began attending hearings in Washington DC and closely followed the investigation.&#13;
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Families had begun questioning whether Federal Aviation Administration regulations for regional airlines were adequate. Critical safety issues raised included pilot training and fatigue. On the one year anniversary of the crash, family members and supporters walked from the accident site on Long Street in Clarence to the Buffalo Niagara International Airport to draw attention to their cause.&#13;
&#13;
In a series of WIVB investigative reports, Rich Newberg revealed that internal emails from Colgan Airlines were obtained by lawyers representing the relatives of deceased passengers. They indicated that pilot Marvin Renslow had training problems and appeared not ready to handle the Bombardier Q400 aircraft. However, a month later he was flying the plane. When Newberg questioned an attorney representing Colgan Air, he maintained that Capt. Renslow was qualified to fly the plane. &#13;
&#13;
Attorneys representing the crash victims determined that Colgan Air had been expanding air routes and moving to fifteen of the bigger models of the Q 400 planes. Attorney Hugh Russ said Colgan was “desperately looking for pilots to fly these planes.” Russ said, “These emails in our judgement prove that Colgan sacrificed safety for profits.”&#13;
&#13;
Families charged that Colgan Air had withheld the emails during the investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board. The NTSB then ordered Colgan Air’s parent company, Pinnacle Airlines, to produce the internal emails in question. The company said it would comply.&#13;
&#13;
A former Colgan Air crew scheduler came forward and told Newberg that the airline would fly pilots who lacked sleep to cover each leg of a flight itinerary. Colgan had no comment. &#13;
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Eventually, the families, after many trips to Washington, got the FAA to implement tougher regulations including more hours of flight training and a requirement that airlines keep more extensive records detailing how pilots performed during training. Measures were also implemented to cut down on pilot fatigue. &#13;
&#13;
Deborah Hersman, who was chair of the NTSB, told Rich Newberg, “…the families in this accident have been simply amazing. We have seen some incredible grace come out of the people who have gone through the worst experience of their life to really come together and try to determine if there’s anything good that can come from this, to make sure that no one has to go through what they went through. They have been a strong voice. They have been aggressive. They’ve been educated on the issues, and they’ve been a great help to the safety board as we try to focus attention on the issues related to this accident.”</text>
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There was enough pubic interest in the growing problem to warrant a special WIVB-TV presentation. On March 2, 2011, large portions of the 5 and 6 o’clock newscasts were set aside to feature a panel of experts who took calls from concerned viewers. They addressed issues including whether or not a targeted child should fight back.&#13;
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Legendary Buffalo boxer “Baby Joe” Mesi told a group of public school children that he had been a victim of bullying. The former world heavyweight contender said he built up his self confidence by learning how to box.  &#13;
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>On June 6, 2015, two convicted murderers, Richard Matt and David Sweat escaped from the Clinton Correctional Facility in Dannemora, New York. The carefully orchestrated jailbreak led to massive manhunt, with billboards put up in New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Vermont, Pennsylvania and along the Canada-U.S. border. &#13;
&#13;
On June 16, during the search, prison employee Joyce Mitchell confessed to providing Matt and Sweat with hacksaw blades, chisels, and other tools used for the escape. &#13;
&#13;
WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg presents a video profile of Matt and Sweat, followed by a WIVB-TV television special, "Breakout."&#13;
&#13;
(Background)&#13;
Richard Matt, from Tonawanda, New York, had been serving a sentence of 25 years to life for beating, torturing, and ultimately killing his former boss, William Rickerson. After breaking his neck, Matt dismembered Rickerson's body, discarding the remains in the Niagara River. &#13;
&#13;
Matt and an accomplice had kidnapped Rickerson from his North Tonawanda home with the intent to rob him. Matt then fled to Mexico, where he stabbed a man to death after trying to rob him. Matt was arrested and convicted of the stabbing death in Mexico. He was then extradited to the U.S. to stand trial for the murder of William Dickerson. &#13;
&#13;
David Sweat, raised in Binghamton area of New York, shot a Broome County sheriff's deputy multiple times before running him over with a car. He and an accomplice had been spotted by Deputy Kevin Tarsia in a parking lot while in possession of stolen firearms. After Sweat ran over Deputy Tarsia, the accomplice, Jeffrey Nabinger Jr., shot the severely wounded deputy in the face, killing him. Sweat was serving a sentence of life without parole. &#13;
&#13;
Matt was hunted down in Malone, New York on June 26, 2015 and killed during a confrontation with a U.S border patrol agent and a former Army Ranger. Two days later, Sweat was spotted near Constable, New York by a New York State Trooper who wanted to question him. After Sweat took off running across a hay field, Trooper Jay Cook shot him in the shoulder and arm. Sweat survived.</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Broadcasting Pioneers: Behind the Scenes&#13;
&#13;
While the first Buffalo viewers of television in 1948 may have thought the images miraculously appeared on their small screens at home, it took a coordinated effort of technicians, directors, set designers, audio and film engineers, station support personnel, and many others who worked behind the scenes, to put programs on the air. &#13;
&#13;
While their expertise, for the most part, was technical in nature, some possessed incredible artistic talents worthy of the public spotlight. In this series of reports by WIVB-TV'ss Rich Newberg and Jacquie Walker, these broadcasting pioneers are recognized for their contributions to the Buffalo television industry. &#13;
&#13;
Order of Presentation: WIVB-TV Behind the Scenes&#13;
John Novelli / Technical Director, Artist&#13;
Ted Patton / TV and Stage Set Designer&#13;
Frank Wald / Technician &#13;
Hal Case / Technician&#13;
Ann Deckop / Executive Assistant&#13;
Alfred Kirchhofer / First President &amp; General Manager&#13;
Bill McKibben / Station Manager under Kirchhofer</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>IN THE BEGINNING&#13;
When WIVB-TV (formerly WBEN-TV) celebrated its 50th anniversary with a TV special on May 14, 1998, the use of archival news film and videotape gave viewers a window into Buffalo'ss storied history. Rich Newberg, who co-produced and co-hosted the program, wrote an article for the National Television Academy, documenting the significance of the station's successful efforts to broadcast footage dating back to the birth of television in Buffalo in 1948. Buffalo is a unique television market in that the news film and videotape archives from all three major stations have been saved. WIVB-TV (Channel 4-CBS), as well as WKBW-TV (Channel 7-ABC) and WGRZ-TV (Channel 2 - NBC), have given the Buffalo Broadcasters Association (BBA) permission to digitize their archival TV news collections and bring Western New York's moving image history back to life. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Newberg, a founding member of the BBA and Hall of Fame inductee, has put together a comprehensive visual history of this extraordinary effort in Buffalo to preserve and utilize a most valuable educational resource. He served as chair of the BBA's Archive Task Force that began the process of digitizing Buffalo's TV news archives in 2011. The historical retrospective begins with excerpts from the Channel 4 documentary, "First In Western New York: 50 Golden Years on Channel 4." The featured segments are narrated by WIVB-TV former anchors Don Postles and Rich Newberg.&#13;
(Runs: 8:30)&#13;
&#13;
LAUNCHING OF THE ARCHIVE PROJECT &#13;
On March 29, 2019 the Buffalo Broadcasters Association (BBA) officially launched The Archive Project. The BBA had established written agreements with WIVB-TV (Nexstar/CBS) and WKBW-TV (Scripps/ABC) to digitize their news film and early videotape archives. WGRZ-TV (Tegna/NBC) came onboard in 2024. The moving image archive is to be used for educational use only.&#13;
&#13;
Through BBA fundraisers, donations, and grants from the Western New York Library Resources Council, digitized news reports and clips dating back as early as the mid-1960s began being posted on the New York Heritage website. Postings will also appear on the BBA's own website, which is currently being revamped to provide space for the archival material.&#13;
&#13;
These reports that aired on WIVB-TV and WKBW-TV show viewers the scope of the project and why the initiative is a valued resource for Western New York and the nation.&#13;
(Runs: 5:30) &#13;
&#13;
ACTOR ED ASNER ENDORSES THE BBA'S ARCHIVE PROJECT &#13;
On September 29, 2019, Actor Ed Asner, who played television news director Lou Grant on The Mary Tyler Moore Show, endorsed the BBA's Archive Project in a public service announcement. The endorsement was recorded during the time Mr. Asner was in Western New York for his performance of a one man show.&#13;
&#13;
Asner endorsement: "Hello. I'm Ed Asner. You may remember me as television's no-nonsense news director, Lou Grant. If you think about it, journalists provide us with our first draft of history. Right here in Buffalo, more than 50 years of TV news coverage is being brought back to life! Local stations are working with the Buffalo Broadcasters Association to bring back the stories that helped define the Niagara Frontier. It's called The Archive Project, and I support it with all my heart! So should you."&#13;
(Runs: 60 seconds)&#13;
&#13;
THE MEMORY KEEPERS&#13;
Rescuing Buffalo's Moving Image History&#13;
This update on The Archive Project was presented at the Buffalo Broadcasters Hall of Fame induction ceremony on November 4, 2021. The piece was modified in 2024 to include WGRZ-TV, which also entered into contract with the BBA for the digitization of its film and videotape archive. The progress report is written and hosted by Rich Newberg and edited by Tom Vetter. The feature lays out the challenges in preserving and utilizing Buffalo's archival TV news film and videotape. &#13;
(Runs: 7:20)&#13;
&#13;
THE ARCHIVE PROJECT &#13;
Buffalo Broadcasters Association&#13;
How It All Began&#13;
(5 PARTS: 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011)&#13;
The cornerstone project of the Buffalo Broadcasters Association (BBA) is to digitize Buffalo television archival news film and videotape from the mid-1960s to the early 1990s. The news film had been rescued on many occasions by Buffalo broadcasting pioneers whose vision was to someday create a moving image archive of Buffalo's rich and colorful history as told through the lens of broadcast journalists. &#13;
&#13;
The storage of news film from all three Buffalo network affiliates began in the 1960s. Boxes were initially kept at Buffalo Historical Society. Channel 7 eventually took back its film, while Channels 4 and 2 chose not to physically reclaim their footage.&#13;
&#13;
This series of features, written and produced by Rich Newberg, documents the progress and objectives of The Archive Project. The five video reports were presented during most of the BBA's Hall of Fame ceremonies between 2006 and 2011.&#13;
(Runs: 22:36)</text>
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                <text>John "David" Munday of Caistor Centre, Ontario fixed diesel engines for a living and enjoyed being alone. He also enjoyed the "adrenaline rush" of being a daredevil. He was the first person to survive two plunges over Niagara Falls in self-designed steel barrels.&#13;
&#13;
Munday was 48 years old when he first conquered the Falls on October 5, 1985. His second journey over the Horseshoe Falls and into the international record books took place on September 27, 1993.&#13;
&#13;
Between these two incredible feats, Munday decided to challenge the treacherous currents of the Great Gorge Rapids which feed into dangerous spinning waters of the notorious Whirlpool.&#13;
&#13;
In a less sophisticated 600 pound barrel made of high pressure steel pipe, Munday and his assistants eluded Niagara Parks Police and lowered the barrel into the swift currents of the rapids. His five minute harrowing journey on October 11, 1987 brought him to the Whirlpool.&#13;
&#13;
The world got a little more insight into the motivations and fears of this thrill seeker during a series of reports by WIVB-TV's Rich Newberg. The most amazing revelation was Dave Munday's confession that he is terrified of the water and can't swim.</text>
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                <text>When martial law was imposed on the people of Poland on December 13, 1981, a vicious crackdown began against forces seeing freedom from communism. Members of the anti-communist trade union Solidarity became main targets of the military junta which seized power. Thousands were thrown in prison without trials. &#13;
&#13;
Western New York students studying in Poland managed to flee the country and make it safely back to Buffalo. They had many stories to tell about the abuses imposed on Polish citizens as well as an economic crisis that put Poland on the brink of bankruptcy. &#13;
&#13;
Buffalo, with its large Polish population, became one of the lead protest cities in the United States. They demanded that the Soviet Union loosen its grasp on Poland and allow the Polish people to choose their own destiny. President Ronald Reagan and Pope John Paul II are often credited with helping to bring down communism in Poland. &#13;
&#13;
"Flight from Poland," a WIVB-TV news special hosted and co-produced by Rich Newberg, gave Buffalo viewers a comprehensive look inside Poland during this period of great turmoil. Newberg got first hand accounts from refugees and students in Buffalo who had witnessed the abuses in their homeland.&#13;
&#13;
In 1985, Newberg would report from Gdansk, the birthplace of Solidarity, as club wielding Zomos (paramilitary units) again arrested Solidarity demonstrators. Newberg and photojournalist Don Yearke met with Solidarity leader Lech Walesa and then with Pope John Paul II in Rome. (See "Hearts and Minds Together" and "Inside a Private Audience with Pope John Paul II.")&#13;
&#13;
In 1999, Newberg would again travel to Poland, this time with photojournalist Mike Mombrea, Jr., to cover Pope John Paul II's triumphant return to his homeland, now free from communist rule. The pope made a special effort to meet with a Buffalo delegation on a street in Torun, Poland. He blessed every member, showing his gratitude toward the city, whose Polish Americans never wavered in their support for a free Poland. Newberg also interviewed Lech Walesa after he had served as president of Poland. (See "The People's Pope.")</text>
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                <text>Staff involved include Karen Sacks (Producer, Writer), Mike Mombrea, Jr. (Photographer, editor), (Contributing Photographers: Joe Ader, Bill Cantwell, Don Yearke, Luis Hidalgo, Curt Louison, Jay Lauder, Micki Sellers, Mike Mombrea, Sr.), Bob Koop (Polish National Anthem Narrator), Joe Kirik (News Director), Bill Tower (Director), (Technicians: Keith Jones, Hal Case, Al Barbour, Russ Barone, Herb Steffen, Stan Nowak, Dom Zigrossi).</text>
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                <text>After witnessing a 1985 crackdown on Solidarity demonstrators in Poland, a delegation from Buffalo, New York met privately with Pope John Paul II at Castel Gandolfo, his summer residence in the Roman Hills of Italy. The meeting was important to the Polish pope, who is often credited for playing a major role in the eventual fall of communism in Poland. &#13;
Buffalo has a large Polish population with close ties to Poland. The pope had visited Western New York when he was Cardinal Karol Wojtyla. The private audience on September 6, 1985 had been granted in advance because of an exchange program between Daemen College in Buffalo and the Catholic University in Lublin, Poland. &#13;
The pope had spent twenty-five years at the Catholic University as a professor and chairman of the Faculty of Ethics. It was the only Christian university in the Soviet Bloc. The Buffalo delegation had included a visit to the university in its travels through Poland. &#13;
One of the delegation leaders, Brian Rusk, who represented Daemen College president Robert Marshall, commented to the pope that the exchange program would carry on his "words and teachings for peace and brotherhood in the world." The pope openly expressed his gratitude for support the program was receiving. &#13;
During their journey through Poland, the delegation had revisited Buffalo's many ties to the Polish people (see "Hearts and Minds Together" in the collection). Another delegation leader, Richard Solecki, had a special security contact within the Solidarity movement. This relationship enabled the delegates to meet with Solidarity leader Lech Walesa minutes before his demonstrators took to the streets of Gdansk. &#13;
The entire private audience with Pope John Paul II was photographed by News 4 photographer Don Yearke. It can be viewed following Rich Newberg's WIVB-TV live report from outside the pope's residence. At one point, when Newberg sought comment from the pope on Solidarity's efforts to free Poland from communism, his microphone was snatched out of his hand by a papal aide. &#13;
That's when the pope took Newberg by the arm and whispered, "Without Solidarity, there can be no peace!"</text>
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                <text>Daemen College</text>
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                <text>It's Only Natural</text>
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                <text>Many so called "Baby Boomers," born after World War II, were raised by parents who subscribed to the child rearing philosophy of Dr. Benjamin Spock. In his book "Baby and child Care," written in 1946, he advises parents to rely on their natural loving instincts as the guiding principle in bringing up their children. &#13;
&#13;
When their children came of age to be parents, the "natural" approach was applied to many aspects of life, including child birth and breast feeding, and the purchase of toys that promoted creativity and not violence. &#13;
&#13;
In his series, "It's Only Natural," WIVB-TV reporter Rich Newberg, a new father whose wife gave up a teaching career to become a "stay-at-home mom," explores the norms of the 1980's. Dr. Spock is featured in his reports. &#13;
&#13;
In the final segment, Spock defends himself against conservative critics who blame him for being overly permissive in his advice to parents. Some of his detractors advocate spanking as a form of discipline. Spock says was never a "permissivist." He says he was singled out by critics because of his opposition to the Vietnam War.</text>
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                <text>1987-02</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="198127">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Mayor Anthony Masiello: Reflections</text>
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                <text>Anthony Masiello first made a name for himself as a star basketball player for the Canisius College Golden Griffins. His first shot in politics at age twenty-four netted him a seat on Buffalo's Common Council in 1971. He worked his way up to Majority Leader in 1976. &#13;
&#13;
After spending ten years on the Council, Masiello was elected to the New York State Senate. Serving from 1981 to 1993, he advanced to the positions of Minority Whip and Chair of the Democratic Conference. &#13;
&#13;
On January 1, 1994, Masiello was sworn in as Buffalo 61st mayor. He served three terms. In an interview with WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg, Masiello looked back with pride on his accomplishments as mayor. He said his administration boosted Buffalo's image nationally by building up the city's medical corridor and changing Buffalo's "economic fabric." &#13;
&#13;
In particular, he mentioned cultural tourism and the attraction of the city's developing Inner Harbor. He also said developers were converting old historic buildings into attractive places to live, providing an incentive for people to rent or buy property downtown. During the Masiello years, eighty year old school buildings were renovated with state-of-the-art "learning laboratories." It was a ten year, state funded, billion dollar project. Masiello said, when it came to education, his one regret was that he was unable to appoint three members to the Buffalo School Board. &#13;
&#13;
Directly addressed the people of Buffalo, Masiello said, "I thoroughly enjoyed being your mayor." He added, "I know we've had some tough times but I never gave up on our city. I never gave up on its people, and I never gave up on its future." Because of his positive approach to governing, he said, "I think we're in a really good position to do great things as a city and as a people." Tony Masiello won twenty-three elections to public office during the span of his political career.</text>
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                <text>2005-12-24</text>
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                <text>Urban &amp; municipal planning</text>
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                <text>Masiello, Anthony</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Harbor (N.Y.)</text>
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                <text>Public schools--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>This is WIVB-TV's coverage of the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan. &#13;
Rich Newberg reported from the nation's capital and got reaction and updates from Senator Alfonse D'Amato and Congressman Jack Kemp. &#13;
&#13;
On March 30, 1981, just after Ronald Reagan was waving to a crowd outside the Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C., shots rang out from a .22 caliber revolver fired by John Hinckley, Jr. who was only fifteen feet away. &#13;
&#13;
The 70 year old president, who was about two months into his first term, took a bullet that ricocheted off his limousine and lodged in his chest, just missing his heart. His press secretary James Brady was shot in the head and suffered brain damage. Police officer Thomas Delahanty was hit in the back. Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy was wounded in the chest. McCarthy had positioned himself between Hinckley and the president. President Reagan's life was saved by the medical team at George Washington University Hospital. &#13;
&#13;
Hinckley, who would later be found not guilty by reason of insanity, had fantasized that his attempt on the life of President Reagan would somehow impress actress Jodie Foster, who appeared in the movie Taxi Driver. In that movie the character played by Robert De Niro plots to assassinate a presidential candidate. Hinckley was committed to a psychiatric hospital and released in 2016.</text>
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                <text>1981-03-30</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
"Remembering Mayor Jimmy Griffin" begins with his obituary on November 6, 2003. He was raised in Buffalo's rough and tumble Irish Old First Ward and scooped grain out of Great Lakes freighters as a teenager. He fought in the Korean war and entered Buffalo politics in 1961, winning a seat on the city's Common Council. He was elected to the New York State Senate in 1966. &#13;
&#13;
Griffin blamed the local news media for negative stories about his Parks commissioner Robert Delano, who ended up spending more than two years in federal prison for theft and extortion. &#13;
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During his one-on-one interview with Rich Newberg, Griffin looks back on his accomplishments as mayor. A new downtown baseball stadium and housing and commercial buildings on the Erie Basin Marina are among them.</text>
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                <text>Casey Wrobel defected to the United States in 1981, fleeing martial law in his native Poland. He is deaf and went from being a locksmith to working in a Buffalo metal stamping plant. He immediately started saving his earning in order to bring his wife and two daughters to Buffalo as well. It took years for their visas to be granted.&#13;
&#13;
WIVB-TV reporter Rich Newberg flew with Casey to JFK Airport in New York the day he was reunited with his family. They all embraced. His wife Katrina is also deaf and worked as a tailor in Gdansk to make ends meet. &#13;
&#13;
Daughter Kataryna was able to speak for the family through an interpreter. She said, "Without father there is no life." In Buffalo, Catholic Charities and St. Mary's School for the Deaf were prepared to help the family start life over again. &#13;
&#13;
In a follow-up report almost a year-and-a half later, we see Katrina working as a seamstress. Daughters Katrina and Monica learned to speak English at St. Stanislaus School in Buffalo. Monica had become best friends with a fellow student. Katrina was having a harder time adjusting to life in America. &#13;
&#13;
The Catholic Church continued to play a major role in their lives. Msgr. John Gabalski of St. Stanislaus Church said of the Wrobel family, "They preach a better sermon by their behavior than I can preach orally." Monica had just celebrated her first communion.</text>
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                <text>August 11, 2015&#13;
&#13;
In 2015, a media studies graduate of the University at Buffalo produced a message to the world about Syrian citizens fleeing oppression in their country. Documentary filmmaker Akrom Shipley, a Syrian American, had accompanied his father and sister on a journey to refugee camps in Jordan. &#13;
&#13;
These two reports by WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg deal with Shipley's plea for Americans to understand the plight of Syrian children who lost fathers in the Syrian civil war. "With losing their fathers," he said, "they lost a sense of their childhood."&#13;
&#13;
Rebel groups. with support from NATO, had taken up arms fighting the oppressive regime of Bashar al-Assad. Russia and Iran were providing arms to Assad. The death toll of the Syrian civil war is estimated to be as high as 617,910. Civilian deaths alone are believed to number more than 306,000. &#13;
&#13;
Shipley said the ultimate goal of the Syrian migrants "isn't just to flood our borders and take our jobs." He said their goal is to "rebuild hope and return home."&#13;
&#13;
Rich Newberg also presented a story of two Syrian brothers who made it to Buffalo and were able to bring their wives and children to safety in the Queen City. They said their city in Syria had been leveled by bombs and fighting.</text>
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&#13;
Two miles away from the hospital, Bethany Hojnacki went into labor. Her husband Jared began a desperate search for help, trudging through the snow while carrying his 19 month old son to the boy's anxious grandparents a mile away. &#13;
&#13;
Jared spotted a Buffalo fire crew assisting stranded motorists. Against all odds, one of them, Denise Perry, happened to be a labor nurse! Another close by was Stacey Braymiller, a maternity nurse! &#13;
&#13;
The firehouse was reachable and Bethany was transported there with contractions four minutes apart. With the help of the nurses, Bethany gave birth to Lucy Grace after just two pushes. &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg revisited the Hojnacki's for Lucy Grace's first birthday. Bethany says Lucy is "very passionate and spunky and also kind of dramatic." The parents liken her personality to her birth. In Jared's words, "very dramatic and full of life!"</text>
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                <text>This series of reports compiled by retired WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg documents the escape of Ralph "Bucky" Phillips from jail and the subsequent manhunt that cost a New York State Trooper his life. Two other Troopers had been shot and wounded by Phillips. It was one of the largest manhunts in the nation, lasting more than five months. Mr. Newberg's report on the funeral of Trooper Joseph Longobardo is included, as well as many stories documenting the progression of events leading up to Phillips' capture. &#13;
Ralph "Bucky" Phillips had appeared on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. &#13;
&#13;
Background&#13;
On April 2, 2006, Ralph "Bucky" Phillips escaped from the Erie County Correctional Facility by using a can opener to cut through the metal roof of the kitchen. &#13;
&#13;
He had been arrested on a parole violation following a burglary conviction in 2005. Although his criminal record also included grand larceny and other crimes, &#13;
he was initially not considered to be a violent person by friends and relatives, according to early reports.&#13;
Some believed he was intent on patching up his relationship with his daughter and grandchildren. &#13;
&#13;
During the initial phases of his escape, the public became fixated on Phillips' ability to allude police, who at times were hot on his trail. Feeding into his "folk hero" status, one restaurant established the to-go "Bucky Burger," for those "On the Run." T-shirts were marketed saying "Run, Bucky, Run!" A song with the same title was written.&#13;
&#13;
The Bucky Phillips saga turned dark when he shot and wounded New York State Trooper Sean Brown near Elmira on June 10, 2006. Trooper Brown was approaching a stolen Ford Mustang Phillips was driving.&#13;
&#13;
A second shooting took place in the Chautauqua County town of Pomfret on August 31st. State Troopers Donald Baker Jr. and Joseph Longobardo were hit during a house stakeout of a relative of Phillips. Longobardo later died from his wounds. &#13;
&#13;
Phillips was captured by Pennsylvania State Police on September 8, 2006. He surrendered in a wooded area with his hands raised. While in custody and taken in for processing, there were still supporters who cheered him on, much to the disgust of troopers.&#13;
&#13;
On November 29, 2006, Phillips pleaded guilty to charges of aggravated murder and attempted aggravated murder. He was sentenced in Chautauqua County Court to life without parole.</text>
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                <text>The Rescue of Heather Mercer&#13;
&#13;
Heather Mercer and her friend and co-worker Dayna Curry, were American aid workers arrested in Afghanistan by the Taliban on August 3, 2001. They were part of the Antioch International Movement of Churches and employed by a German-based Christian aid organization called Shelter Now International. &#13;
&#13;
Following their arrest, six other Western aid workers and sixteen co-workers from Afghanistan were taken into custody and charged with preaching Christianity, a crime potentially punishable by death under Taliban law. &#13;
&#13;
The workers were initially held as prisoners in Kabul. When Northern Alliance forces took control of Kabul on November 13, 2001, the aid workers from Afghanistan were freed. The Western aid workers, however, were moved by the Taliban to a prison in Ghazni. There, anti-Taliban forces freed those prisoners as well. They were airlifted to safety in Islamabad, Pakistan.&#13;
&#13;
Heather Mercer grew up in suburban Virginia, outside of Washington. Her parents were divorced. Heather's mother, Deborah Eddy from Lewiston, and her grandmother, Norma Anderson from Niagara Falls, worked tirelessly for Heather's release. &#13;
&#13;
Heather Mercer and Dayna Curry were welcomed home by President Bush and invited to join him at the White House. &#13;
The president said, "They had a calling to serve the poorest of the poor." Heather commented, "We know we're here because of the prayers of people all over the country, all over the world!"</text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>In August, 1988, Lyndon Goodell was found guilty of being under the influence of alcohol when the car he was driving smashed head on into a driver-education car. On June 10, 1987, three 17 year old Pembroke, New York High School students and their 55 year old instructor were killed. Victims' relatives attended every day of the fifteen day trial in Batavia, New York. The jury took two days to deliberate. &#13;
&#13;
The jury had to determine that it was 23 year old Goodell behind the wheel. His passenger, Carol Rokicki, was with him at the time of the accident. She had been granted immunity by the prosecution in exchange for her testimony. &#13;
&#13;
Defense attorney Fern Acomb said it was Rokicki who supplied the alcohol and had the keys to the car, and that she was driving at the time of the crash. However, it was Goodell's chest injuries that convinced the jury that he was in the driver's seat. &#13;
&#13;
The manslaughter and vehicular manslaughter convictions of Goodell were based on the belief that he knew, or should have known that his reckless drunken driving had the potential to kill. District Attorney Robert Noonan said, "...a guilty verdict on all counts was the only verdict that I would have been happy with."&#13;
&#13;
The victims' relatives comforted each other after the two week trial ended with a guilty verdict. Tricia Collins, whose husband Patrick was killed in the accident, expressed the hope the trial would serve as a powerful lesson that drinking and driving can lead to tragic consequences.&#13;
&#13;
Genesee County Judge Glenn Morton sentenced Goodell to 7 1/2 to 15 years in state prison. A wrongful-death settlement totaling $340,000 dollars was paid out by insurance companies to the families of all four of the victims. Goodell kept maintaining that he was not driving, but lost subsequent appeals.</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt;U.S. District Court Judge John Thomas Curtin (August 24, 1921 - April 14, 2017) was interviewed by WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg on April 18, 1995. The subject was affirmative action.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt;Judge Curtin issued rulings establishing minority hiring quotas in Buffalo’s police and fire departments and within the Buffalo School District. He believed minorities lacked opportunities for jobs and a quality education, resulting in what he once called “a poorly trained underclass” that became reliant on welfare. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt;Born in Buffalo, Curtin served as U.S. Attorney for the Western District of New York from 1961 to 1967 before being nominated by President Lyndon Johnson for a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of New York. He had been recommended by New York Senator Robert Kennedy. John Curtin was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 14, 1967.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt;In 1976 Judge Curtin ordered that Buffalo public schools be desegregated. He ruled that minority students in Buffalo had been denied equal protection under the law, and that a segregated school system in Buffalo had been intentionally maintained. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt;His rulings led to the hiring of more minority teachers and the creation of academically strong magnet schools that would encourage students of all races to accept being bused to these high level schools. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color:#454545;"&gt;Though Judge Curtin was targeted for criticism and sometimes even death threats by those who felt his rulings were overreaching, he consistently ruled in favor of removing barriers  that had been built on “unfairness, bigotry (and) bias” against minorities, women, children, and those with special challenges.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes. </text>
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                <text>On April 24, 2004, Fox journalist Geraldo Rivera originated his “At Large” program from Buffalo City Hall. The purpose was to take a second look at the case against the so-called “Lackawanna Six.” His guests included the prosecutors and some of the defense attorneys who took part in case. &#13;
&#13;
Discussions centered on whether or not the six friends from Lackawanna, New York, just outside of Buffalo, were actually part of a terrorist “sleeper cell.” Questions were raised about the practice of what has been called “preemptive justice,” meaning the arrest of individuals who were considered possible threats for violent acts that were never committed. &#13;
&#13;
Prosecutors argued that attendance at a terrorist training camp and failure to disclose the fact to the FBI, were grounds for the arrests. All the defendants ended up pleaded guilty to “providing material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization.” They were given sentences ranging from seven to ten years. &#13;
&#13;
Defense attorneys maintained that their clients were lured into attending the training camp and realized too late what they had gotten into. They accepted plea bargain agreements that limited their prison terms. They   agreed to cooperate with the U.S. government regarding information they had obtained during their time in the Middle East. &#13;
&#13;
During their stay at the camp in Afghanistan the men from Lackawanna had been addressed by al-Qaeda leader Osama bin-Laden who said the United States would be a target of terrorist activity. Most of the defendants, according to their attorneys, decided they wanted to leave the camp early and have nothing to do with any attacks on America. &#13;
&#13;
Assistant U.S. Attorney William Hochul said the defendants were told by bin-Laden that “forty to fifty men (would be) enroute to attack America,” but chose to remain silent when they returned home in the summer of 2001. &#13;
He questioned whether that information might have helped avert the attacks on 9/11. &#13;
&#13;
Defense attorney John Molloy said all six had remained silent “out of fear.” He said they “were petrified” on 9/11 and that “they were afraid that they were next.” &#13;
&#13;
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Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)&#13;
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                <text>Copyright held by Fox News. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>On April 20, 2004, President George W. Bush came to Buffalo to push for an extension of the Patriot Act, which granted the FBI the right to secretly conduct surveillance activities on American citizens without proving probable cause. This included physical searches and wiretaps. &#13;
&#13;
President Bush maintained that The Patriot Act had been instrumental in the arrests of the so-called “Lackawanna Six,” a group of friends from a small city outside of Buffalo, New York who attended a al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan just months before the 9/11/2001 terror attacks on the United States.&#13;
&#13;
While President Bush had referred to these men as belonging to a “terrorist cell,” their defense attorneys said the six had been lured to attend the camp, not realizing what it was all about. After being addressed by  al-Qaeda leader Osama bin-laden, most tried to leave the camp early. According to their attorneys, they wanted nothing more to do with al-Qaeda. &#13;
&#13;
Faced with a trial and potentially lengthy prison sentences, they all pleaded guilty to “providing material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization.” They received sentences of seven to ten years in prison and agreed to share information with the US government. &#13;
&#13;
WIVB-TV senior Correspondent Rich Newberg reports on President Bush’s visit to Buffalo and the Patriot Act support he received from US Attorney Michael Battle and Buffalo FBI Agent In Charge Peter Ahearn. &#13;
&#13;
Four days after the president’s visit, Fox News journalist Geraldo Rivera conducted a debate on the Patriot Act during a live Fox News Channel cablecast originating from Buffalo’s City Hall. “At Large with Geraldo Rivera” took a second look at the case of the The Lackawanna Six. &#13;
&#13;
In reviewing the case, Rivera reports that the FBI had been tipped off by an anonymous letter that a group of Arab Americans that had traveled to Afghanistan was there to “meet bin-Laden and stay in his camp for training.” Rivera states that the men had told their neighbors they were going to Pakistan for religious instruction. &#13;
&#13;
President Bush had stated that the Patriot Act “helps us to be able to connect the dots.” However, University at Buffalo constitutional law professor Dr. Lee Albert maintained that The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 had already allowed the CIA and FBI to cooperate in the Lackawanna Six case. “I don’t think the Patriot Act had a lot to do with this case,” he said. &#13;
&#13;
FBI Special Agent Peter Ahearn disagreed and said, “The dots were connected” through the Patriot Act. He said shared information between the CIA and FBI led to the connection to a foreign terrorist organization. He said it had started as a criminal investigation but that the “spin of this case” changed. He added that seeing “the whole picture” helped reveal “how al-Qaeda operated overseas.” &#13;
&#13;
During the debate, Patriot Act proponent Heather MacDonald of the Manhattan Institute maintained that there had been “utter paralysis in the country’s intelligence community before 9/11.” She added, “For months after 9/11 the political community, the media, was railing against our failure to connect the dots. The Patriot Act solved that.”  &#13;
&#13;
Patriot Act critic, former US attorney Bob Barr, said there has never been a federal law that prohibits intelligence agents and prosecutors to talk with each other. He said there is a danger that the Patriot Act could be used “as a subterfuge to undermine the Bill of Rights.” He added, “If we say, well prosecutors should be able to get anything, anytime, anywhere that they want simply because they say it’s to fight terrorism, then we might as well just throw the Bill of Rights, and especially the 4th Amendment (the right against unreasonable searches and seizures) out the window, and I don’t think we ought to do that as a country.”&#13;
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              <text>Okay, so let's just Mike Michael, why don't you start just by giving me your name and the date? It's the 23rd. Right November. And let's start from there. And then I'll ask you,&#13;
&#13;
Michael Brown, it's November 23 2020.&#13;
&#13;
Michael. It's been well recorded that you were the first journalist to become aware of problems in the Love Canal neighborhood. Can you bring us back to that moment? What is your discovery what who contacted you? What was your discovery and what were the what were your first thoughts?&#13;
&#13;
Okay, well, first of all, I like to make clear that a couple of years before two other reporters at the Gazette had written a story on on the fact that there was a sump pump problem and it had an odor and there was some chemicals in there, they did testing. Then it was kind of, you know, set set aside. I that was 7619 76. I came aboard in 1977. And, and there were two. There were two reasons I went after the story. It was not in the news, and it had been a couple articles. More than a year before. And then it was a question it was very quiet and I I had been, I started to cover Chem droll, a company that was dumping highly toxic chemicals and Louis to New York. And I really got on to the toxic waste issue in Niagara County. And when I did that, in one meeting, it started up a lot of activism in the area. It started up controversy the articles did. Toxic Waste became an issue in Niagara County in a big way. I was writing about it every day. And at one of the meetings I on control, a public meeting in which people were complaining about the dump site there. There was a young girl who got up to speak and she started weeping. She was crying that you know, this place Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York, this old dump was was leaking all over the place and harming, possibly harming her family and neighbors and so forth. And that certainly caught my attention.&#13;
&#13;
How all what was she crying about? Michael? What what? It's a child or birth defects or? No, she was&#13;
&#13;
she was very young. She was she was 21 or younger. And she was just scared because of the odors, the the odors that were coming off in the Love Canal. And, you know, at this point, no one knew that it was a danger to human health. whatsoever. I mean, no one's concerned about the environmental aspect from the sump pumps and so forth that I mentioned. And there were studies that the city had initiated an assessment of it, and I attended one of the meetings. And when I was coming down an elevator for the meeting. I spoke to an engineer they were talking about the dump and covering it up with some clay and I asked him I said is this really a serious situation? He said, If we don't do something about this, our children or our children's children are going to suffer. And that also got my attention from that time. On that was in 77. I started to watch the situation very closely. I kept monitoring it. I kept calling the County Health Department. There was no news for the longest time. And one day in in 19 I was trying to keep it I was trying to make it an item in the news. And I was the city hall reporter Niagara Falls I was in charge of the city. i One day I was sitting at my desk at the Niagara does that and something prompted me I guess you'd call it intuition to go out there. And to you know, take a look around. Ask neighbors how they were doing when and when I did. I was shocked at what I found. I the first person I visited was a family called the Schroeder's Timothy and Karen Schroeder. They had a young daughter who was suffering more than a dozen birth defects and some severe ones. And I started they were all other illnesses in the family including with Tim and and another child. I began to canvass the neighborhood and I went door to door up there st 99 Straight what they later called the first ring of Love Canal. And in case after case door after door house after house. I people were telling me litany of different problems, whether it's was miscarriages or, or, or cancers that they thought were peculiar. And so this, you know, this became a journalistic obsession of mine. And I began to follow up closely and write anything I could on it. I ended up writing, oh 100 news stories and news items about it. And possibly, most importantly, other dumps in the area that could have posed even more of a threat but that when I call the state health department, and I mentioned I remember was a Friday I mentioned that. It seemed like there were illnesses out there. You could tell there was nearly an electrical reaction to that and shortly after that the state announced rather quickly that they were going to hold the health survey there and take blood samplings and a found miscarriages and indications of liver abnormalities and and this and they took some that was from some blood tests the the liver abnormalities and this ended up eventually leading to the declaration of an emergency. Not on August 2 1978.&#13;
&#13;
Michael, what kind of resistance did you need? As you were covering this story? And what let's start with the head but also what was government's reaction and big business reaction when you first when when this issue surfaced at Philip Knapp?&#13;
&#13;
Well, you gotta remember and I'm sure you know that the hooker Chemical Company was the biggest employer in Niagara Falls foul with some people. It's also one of the larger chemical companies in the world owned by Occidental Petroleum, a large entity based in Los Angeles. And so it was extremely important economically the city government the mayor, I knew the mayor very well. I used to talk to him every morning is City Hall reporter that was Michael Lachlan. And this the city manager Don O'Hara they were they were nice guys. We got along fine until this point because they really did not want much publicity on the situation. And I was being assured that it was no big deal that we're going to just cover it with some clay and maybe drain the periphery and that would be that and this is before the declaration of an emergency. I also because I was writing about it at any opportunity. I received a phone call from a state senator who, who told me he asked me says when you're going to go back to being a reporter, instead of an activist this there's no issue here. And when he tried to basically tell me to stop writing about it, and I remember even like it was Senator Lloyd patters. God bless God rest his soul and also there was a health commissioner Niagara County. I don't like I really don't like to cast aspersions on people, especially ones who have passed on as most of these have, but just being a reporter here with the facts. I'm not necessarily blaming them for anything. There was also a health commissioner County Health Commissioner who became very angry at me for questioning whether or not this could be a health hazard. And he was a medical doctor and he said to me, you know, are you a medical doctor and when you're going to be, again, kind of when are you going to go back to being a reporter and I was being a reporter. It's just that I wasn't taking answers that at face value. I knew that there was a problem there. I knew that there were possible health ramifications big time. And in fact, when a state started to sample, not just some pumps, which they had done in a couple of cases, but the air of the homes the basements along 99 Street and South 97th street. They found chlorine they found volatile organic chemicals in the air of those homes including benzene and MS caused a special alarm with me because I happen to know I happen to have read recently that benzene was the the only totally proven human carcinogen from synthetic industrial chemicals back that and as well and there were a host of dozens of other chemicals volatize and evaporating into the atmosphere of their homes. So I knew that this was a big story. I told one I told the councilmen I said this is gonna end up being the biggest story in Niagara Falls history and they simply they simply don't believe that later on. One of the councilmen told me he said, You know, I wish I had listened that was kind of a prophecy if you will, and you know, it was wasn't a prophecy, which is based on what you saw when you went out there.&#13;
&#13;
When did you meet Lois Gibbs and what was your first impression?&#13;
&#13;
Well, again, I had been writing a lot about this and dealing with Karen Schroeder, who would organize the citizens she was for a petition to try to get out of there. This is don't forget at this point. It was it was a problem only they thought for a few homes and only at the southern end in what they call the first ring of homes where Karen Schroeder lived and her mother lived in some other people. So she was organizing Karen was people to sign a petition about the getting out of there. I think there were like 30 homes involved. And so I was writing about that and I was out there a lot and one day and I don't know exactly what the date would have been and I got a phone call from a woman who didn't live as close as Karen she lived a few blocks farther away. And her name was Lois Gibbs and she asked if she could come and see me and talk about the Love Canal. And I said sure. And she came to the office and I gave her a technical report from engineers on what we're going to try to remediate the southern end was some clay and I basically I think I gave her more news clip she had been reading my stories, but I think I gave her more news clips and I just talked to her about the circumstance there. And that was about about the extent of it. I didn't see or hear from her again until August 2, the day it was declared a an emergency by the State Health Commissioner,&#13;
&#13;
And what year are we talking about?&#13;
&#13;
1978.&#13;
&#13;
So did you sense that this woman who described herself as a housewife and a mother and was trying to do the best for her family? Did you have any idea that she would grow into what you know, grow this movement into one of the most incredible grass movements this country has ever seen as far as the environment goes, leading to the super fun&#13;
&#13;
Well I knew that the circumstance that Love Canal was going to lead to that because it was huge news. I mean, it was massive news. It was on Walter Cronkite, it was all over the place. It was the front page of The New York Times just before August 2, a New York Times reporter named Donald McNeil came to Niagara Falls and he called me and he came to my house and had dinner at my house and and I told him about Love Canal and and he was very young reporter and so it's I have the time and I just gave him a box of my of the stuff I had accumulated and I sit here. I didn't care about journalistic competition. At this point. I wanted to see those people get out of there, and he took the material. And then on August 2 He he followed up on the same day of the emergency with a front page article in The New York Times that that that created a firestorm across America, and in an end it was a continual one. And along with the so that was the, you know, that was there was a lot of there was international publicity. There was a deluge it was it was astonishing, and it continued. Up to there. Lois had a tremendous involvement in the second evacuation in 1982 years later, later. But I know by this time I was in New York City I had left Niagara Falls to write a book about Love Canal and other toxic dumps. around America. And and she was they had evacuated the first two rings that Love Canal, but not Lois Gibbs area which, like I said, was farther out and was not as contaminated as a man a matter of fact they the state argued it wasn't contaminated at all. It was a lot of controversy over that. But anyway, she soaked up a lot of grassroots movement for for that to be likewise evacuated. And in 1980 there was they found out there was possibility of some genetic DNA abnormalities with people who did live a little farther away than then that first ring and a second ring that were evacuated. And, and this led to that, along with their grassroots effort keeping it in the news every day. Lois did with her group, gray smoke cloth and another woman, Marie Pozniak. They they constantly kept it in the nose, and especially in in front of the buffalo TV cameras and so this, these forces were to create that second evacuation which also call caused a national Firestorm.&#13;
&#13;
So how important was the visual element here when you mentioned television, which is my medium and Tommy's medium? How important was television coverage? In bringing this in and up close and personal way to the eyes of the public?&#13;
&#13;
Well, back then it possible it was important locally especially, it was important nationally to I mean, this was something that starting in August of 78 was like I said on network news back then, and three major networks dominated there was no cable news, and it was on all three of those major networks as well as PBS, the public stations. So it was important. Back then, newspapers were far more important than the air today, and it was probably more of a newspaper story across the country than a TV story. And also the same was was true of other circumstances. So it was certainly a big TV story and and it was important to have the television stations there for certain like I said there was somewhat of a different environment as far as media back then. And of course no internet and how just today to have his archives, where we can actually see events unfold as they did in that era.&#13;
&#13;
Well, I think it's important especially if we apply it to what's going on today. I mean, after Love Canal, like I said I wrote a book about it called laying waste the poisoning of America that generated a lot of attention around the country. I did hundreds of radio and TV shows about it, including the Today Show Nightline and so forth, traveled twice on national publicity tours. And and I went on a college lecture circuit to speak about Love Canal in about 100 universities and colleges around America during the ensuing years and the reason for that the reason I'm saying all this is because I thought Love Canal would spur this country would spur this country to take a look at the chemicals it was producing and use it and realize that you should not be allowed to use or manufacture at compound unless you can disassemble it in its natural components, not in toxic form. I thought that Love Canal would have a tremendous impact on the production of plastic and we certainly know it hasn't. So I mean, that was the I think that that was the real calling of Love Canal and I I'd love this to materialize that sometime in the future because you know, I'm looking at the problem. We're we're creating more plastic than ever before and toxic chemicals are very much with us.&#13;
&#13;
You recall when dioxin surfaced and people actually said they had seen the military dumping that that I guess that's probably the most toxic, isn't it? I call the most toxic substance created by humans. &#13;
&#13;
It was the finding of dioxin in the conformation of it in December of 1978 that probably caused the biggest single reaction of any single day was Love Canal. I remember very distinctly the health commissioner quietly he called me up and he said I'm gonna have some big news for you and he was gonna you know, and and then he actually at the time he was laboratory director, he later on became Health Commissioner David Axelrod, an excellent human being an unsung hero of Love Canal behind the scenes in Albany, and he tipped me off to the dioxin and I confirm that there was something called trike for if at all in the canal, which always carries dioxin as an unwanted byproduct. And at the time, it may still hold true today. I don't know, dioxin or what they call TCDD was the most toxic synthetic compounds ever tested by by by humans. So this like I said, this created a fantastic uproar and a lot more national publicity&#13;
&#13;
In human terms, did you see the children who had birth defects Did you see the results the human misery that these chemicals created in Love Canal? And what? What was your reaction to fellow human being when you actually saw the results of this?&#13;
&#13;
Well, you take care of Schroeder's daughter Sherry I just wanted them out of there. And I didn't care if I did become an activist. I wanted these people out of there, and I, you know, I was a journalist through it, but yes, the motive was to get these people out because I did see these results. I did see the suffering. I did see the pools of chemicals in the backyard the chemicals that would come and push a fool out of the out of the ground. There was a case across the canal to 90 Southern street in a janiece family was the name and you had black sludge that came up through the drain in their spinner in ground swimming pool and I remember Mrs. janiece telling me that she had gone she didn't know what it was she went down and cleaned up this black gunk this this slurry or sludge and afterwards became very sick first of all, with a tremendous skin rash. And then a litany of panoply of other ailments. At well her ailments you can never prove these things. Her ailments perfectly matched those that are caused by contact with dioxin. I even called up her doctor dermatologist because he had diagnosed her as having lupus and I said to a doctor, and I explained that she was probably in contact with dioxins and and again I heard from him What are you a doctor? You know, why don't you just be a reporter and you know, I was very concerned for her health she ended up dying it at a at a young age. I can't prove it was from chemicals. You can you never can. But it certainly was suspect so I saw that suffering and I certainly other cases up and down 99/97 Street, and soon I found out that the Love Canal was three times the size that the government thought it was and then I started to I was doing some testing of sump pumps with a chemical laboratory and found that the spread of chemicals was farther than the government thought including into neighborhoods that were approaching, for instance, Lois Gibbs neighborhood and others in that area. And again, these type of findings would did not offer comfort to the people there and certainly energize the circumstance and Lois Gibson and grace and Murray. You know, they really kept edit to to try to get those other people out of there and they eventually succeeded.&#13;
&#13;
I call you ever threatened by any special interest groups and that that stood to lose a lot of money and you ever actually threatened?&#13;
&#13;
When I when I was riding, laying waste, and I would return to Niagara Falls, I'd be tailed. There were my one and I'm not blaming anyone in particular, any company in particular but when I went and paperback version of my book laying waste came out the publisher which was Pocket Books was concerned because somehow the My Schedule had had had gotten out. I would go to a city let's say Chicago, and I'd be doing the big morning show their TV show. And there would be a representative of a chemical company in the lobby. Demanding loudly that that he or they be allowed in and and then just basically just disrupting things. Well, they couldn't figure out how the industry had gotten my schedule, my precise schedule and and I even I remember even going down to the basement of the apartment buildings I lived on an East 76th Street in Manhattan and checking to see if there were any devices on on the phone panel down in the basement. You know, for the for the apartments in that in that building. Never proved that that was the case. legal threats, Luis nizer, who at the time was the most famous, the most prominent litigant as far as is suing newspapers for for whatever slander and so forth, threatened my publisher of the heart cover laneways which was a pantheon they're owned by Random House threatened to sue them out of basically out of existence if they published my book. So there was a legal threat. And, and during this time, I don't know I mean, that again, I'm not including a a particular company or politician or whomever but there was a rather suspect, circumstance in which I returned to Niagara Falls to attend a wedding and was briefly arrested. And all charges dropped just so that they can get a little bit of a headline and, and a lawyer that came, you know, it was outraged by what they did. To me. came and made them not just dropped charges, but destroy the fact that the arrest even ever occurred.&#13;
&#13;
What were the charges on that? They were trying to claim I assaulted two police officers who I had been coming out of a place to Niagara Falls and they grabbed me and and holding me off for no reason and and then claiming that I was resisting them assaulting them and so forth. One of them I again, I don't like to be too specific because I can't prove it again. But one of them was a close relative of a politician who was very disturbed at my reporting on Love Canal and in fact, who when one of the councilmen proposed having a Michael Brown day for Love Canal, his response publicly was over my dead body so I don't know why that happened. It didn't deter me. And but you know, it may get back I remember doing a radio show with a guy named Shavon Otto I think you remember him relationship. And during our show, the phones went blank. And when he called me back after it came on, he said to me off year he said, Michael, are you okay? Are you safe? And I said why? And he said I've never heard a phone act. like that before. I've never had that happen before. Be careful. He was he was concerned. But other than that, no, no, I was I can't say somebody called me up and said, We're going to kill you. I got threat threats elsewhere and other situations to toxic ways, including kind of a mob associate in New Jersey, but that was not a good chemical that was not Love Canal and had nothing to do with Niagara Falls or any competency.&#13;
&#13;
We got to wrap up pretty soon. Let me ask you this. What would you like your legacy to be number one. Number two, what, as a society have we learned as a result of your work and the work of those who covered that nightmare?&#13;
&#13;
I guess I'm disappointed with the results so far. I mean, actually Love Canal there was a superfund which I'm sure you're familiar with that caused a lot of the most acute circumstances with these dumps to be remediated as far as putting clay covers on him and draining, draining the lead shape but we were still dumping this stuff for incinerating it in a way that could be hazardous to people. We still have a lot of chemical companies belching stuff out in poor neighborhoods very possibly causing the same type of things that happen Love Canal I don't think Love Canal was the most dangerous situation I saw in America. There was just the one that that was the first one and got a lot of publicity of thanks to being the first one thanks to the activism of people there and so forth. But you know, at least dozens of dumps around America were stopped from from major leakage of seepage I should say and, and, you know, it made the industry look at better means of disposal no question about that. But we but matters have been reversed in recent years the EPA has been got it really and and toxic and so now, once more being allowed into the air and water in a way that that is of major concern. So there's a lot of work to be done, and lessons still to be learned from Love Canal and the many other dumps around America.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>As a young journalist at the Niagara Gazette in 1977, Michael Brown took a special interest in stories by two fellow reporters at the paper involving sump pump issues in the Love Canal neighborhood. Reported problems included odors and chemicals surfacing in homes. Those articles, published in 1976, did not get much traction at the time. &#13;
&#13;
Mr. Brown had begun covering toxic waste dumpsites in Niagara County. That became his journalistic focus. He managed to stir up a lot of controversy in the process. &#13;
&#13;
While covering a public hearing, a woman in her early 20s from the Love Canal neighborhood broke down in tears when describing her concerns about potential health issues associated with chemicals believed to be leaking into her and her neighbors’ homes. &#13;
&#13;
The city of Niagara Falls had initiated an assessment of the issue and considered covering the old dumpsite with clay. In 1977, Mr. Brown talked with a city engineer who felt the situation was very serious and could effect future generations if not properly addressed. &#13;
&#13;
A period of silence by the city followed. Brown decided to follow up but said he got no answers from the County Health Department. He had become the Niagara Falls City Hall reporter for the Gazette. His journalistic intuition prompted him to go door-to-door, talking with Love Canal families. His goal was to determine whether the presence of toxic chemicals may have been having an effect on their health. &#13;
&#13;
Rich Newberg’s interview with Michael Brown takes us back to that initial period of discovery and what followed next. At the time of the interview, more than four decades had passed since the Love Canal disaster became a “journalistic obsession” for Mr. Brown. &#13;
&#13;
Viewers will learn of the obstacles he faced and how his reporting for the Niagara Gazette led to the rise of Lois Gibbs, leader of the Love Canal Homeowners Association, whose tireless efforts not only ended in victory for her neighbors, but served as the beginning of the environmental justice movement for people exposed to toxic chemicals in their communities.&#13;
&#13;
Portions of the Brown and Gibbs interviews appear in the 2021 documentary, “The Buffalo Story: History Happens Here.” The segment entitled “A Toxic Nightmare: The Awakening,” won a New York Emmy award in 2022 in the category of Science/Environment.</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by Moments In Time Video, Inc. &amp; TVRE Productions, Inc. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/items/show/2175"&gt;A Toxic Nightmare: The Awakening [The Story of Love Canal Pt. 1]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2176"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Love Canal: Neighborhood of Fear [The Story of Love Canal Pt. 2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2177"&gt;Turning Anger Into Action [The Story of Love Canal Pt.3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2178"&gt;What Have We Learned? [The Story of Love Canal Pt. 4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2350"&gt;An Interview with Lois Gibbs [Her Battle and Victory on Behalf of Love Canal Homeowners]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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              <text>Hi my name is Lois Murray Gibbs. It's February 15 2021. And I'm at home in Falls Church, Virginia.&#13;
&#13;
Lois, let's start from the beginning. That's always a good place to start. How did you get wind of the fact that you were living in a toxic neighborhood? And what was your reaction and the impact when you first found out?&#13;
&#13;
It was really scary. I did not know when I moved in, but I was living in a toxic area. I found out through a series of articles that were in the neighborhoods because that that were written by Michael Brown. And he was talking about the toxic site he's talking about. Now you're talking about 99th Street 97th Street in the United States Elementary School, and it's like, well, when he started talking about 99 Straight elementary school, is when it clicked for me, because my son was perfectly healthy as one years old when we moved into our home since the time we moved there, kept getting sicker and sicker and sicker. And by when he went to kindergarten at 993 school, he got really sick and he developed epilepsy and, and these weird things that are not in either one of our family's history, and that's when it's like, I know what's wrong with Michael my pediatrician couldn't tell me but I knew when I read Michael's article, Michael Browns article and it said, school 20,000 tons of chemicals, chemicals that cause these diseases. It click and it was terrifying. As a mother it was terrifying.&#13;
&#13;
What then so you're terrified? Where do you go from there?&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, I didn't you know, I'm a high school graduate. And, you know, science was not my strength. And so I was trying to figure out where to go and I went to talk to my brother in law who taught biology at the University of Buffalo and said, This is the problem. What do I do about this? He said, This is a problem. And and so I went where most people do like in the whole world, every issue people do this. You go to your government officials because they tell you if you play by the rules, and you you know, work hard and data, and there's a problem, but your elected officials and they will fix it for you. And so I went to the 99th Street School Board superintendent, Dr. Long, I went to City Hall Michael Laughlin was the mayor. I went to my state senators, my state representatives, I went to everybody in anybody I could think of you know, you get this little voter guide things in the library. And I called everyone who said we have this problem. Can you help me and every single one of them said, No.&#13;
&#13;
What did Michael Laughlin say?&#13;
&#13;
Michael Laughlin said, I should go home and take care of my child like I was a dumb little girl who had no clue what she was doing. And it just sort of passively pushed me away like no, this is just crazy. I don't know what you're talking about go away. Michael Brown was a troublemaker&#13;
&#13;
In footage that I've looked at, there's confrontational footage outside of Michael Laughlin's office. And there's a very telling interview that Fran Luca did where micro Laughlin Mayor of Auckland said you know, the city could be sued for a lot of money. We have to be careful about what we say we can be held liable. And you know, I have all this responsibility. Is that what you were getting? Or were you getting any answers?&#13;
&#13;
I wasn't getting any answers. I later figured that out. On my own or with the help of others. It's like every single person felt that way. You know, this, this school board said, Well, we're not going to move. You know Michael Gibbs, because he's sick and because of one irate, hysterical housewife because if we do that for you, we have to do for all 407 children who attend the school. So it's like, oh, wow, there's all this liability where these children are gonna go they have to open another school. You know, Michael Lachlan was worried that just about Occidental Petroleum. He was worried about Goodyear, he's worried about Asheville trollee and Ellen street the City of Niagara Falls was owned and operated by the chemical industries. There was like 40 Some industries in downtown Niagara Falls that controlled everything happened in the city.&#13;
&#13;
You go to the legislators as well, asking to help you at least relocate, right? What happened there.&#13;
&#13;
Legislators, the legislators come on saying prove to us that you were harmed as a result of these chemicals. It's like it's not our job to prove to you that we are harmed. Are you our legislators, you have a whole health department. You have David Axelrod, the health commissioner or Whelan you know, and they all come and say, well, we'll show us demonstrate to us. And it's even true today and in the world I work in now, which is it's always a victim who has to prove that they are a victim, as opposed to the health department coming forward and saying, Well, let's, let's check this out. Let's see what's happening. Let's let's test your hypotheses and see if it's true.&#13;
&#13;
So you go through some blood tests, right? Blood tests are given. What was the feeling at this point? Among the homeowners? Well, let me ask you this first. You wanted to organize, you felt the need to organize the homeowners. At that point, there was no organization Am I right? It was kind of every neighbor learning something but how did you how did you how did you attack that?&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, there was no organization in the community. I mean, that your normal PTAs and stuff like that there was no kind of organization to deal with this issue. And so we went out to organize around the school so a lot of people think we organized around getting evacuation from the get go, that was not so we began to organize to close the 99th Street School, seeing the City of Niagara Falls and and the school board refused to close it. We actually did a petition and took it to Albany, New York, actually, on August 2 1978, the day in which they made the emergency declaration, but we had no clue about that. We got this petition, went door to door had people sign it and you know what's really interesting is that people often talk about those who work in the industry and how it's, it's the environmentalists versus the workers and it's, you know, this versus that. Do you know that only one door of the 853 doors that we we collectively knocked on was slammed in our face? That the people who worked in the industry knew the dangers that were in a backyard, they understood and one worker said one family said the chemical in my backyard is a chemical I get paid extra to work within the plant. So we knew it was dangerous, but we didn't we didn't really realize our homes were dangerous at the time. So we organized the parents movement to close the 99th Street School.&#13;
&#13;
And there was another school as well.&#13;
&#13;
There was a 93rd Street School but we didn't think at that time that the 93rd Street School was at risk as I didn't think my home which is three blocks from the center of the canal was at risk. I believe that the people in the first two rings of homes as they were later called 99 Straight 97 were at risk. You could talk to them. You could see their children or were sick there was rashes everywhere people were just you know, it was just horrible to do they would tell you stories about miscarriages and birth defects and children and cancers and, and deaths in their family crib deaths every year just all these horrible things in this tiny little two blocks of homes. So we all understood it was probably the school and later we came to understand there's probably the first two rings of homes. What we weren't there thinking it was my home on a 101st street or 100 and second, or 100 and third. At the beginning we really just thought it was a school in those first homes.&#13;
&#13;
And initially, the evacuation was just for the people closest to the Epi Center, right? Close the first two rings and that meeting where people got quite emotional about your children who were over the age of two, because it was two and under. I might correct.&#13;
&#13;
Right you had if you were pregnant or had a child under the age of two, you could be evacuated. It was like oh my gosh, it's like the canaries in the mine. What he told me and what what happened? What happened to the child who's two years and six months? Were more importantly, what happened to my pregnancy because I'm eight months pregnant. Now you're telling me it's dangerous if I'm pregnant there. I'm eight months pregnant. I lived there for eight months carrying my baby What is wrong with my baby? There was panic everywhere and justifiable because not only not only did they make that announcement, but there was nobody there to talk to the families about what that means my job. Most of us are high school graduates working in the chemical industry and listening to chemical propaganda everyday for work and the newsletter. And suddenly this happens in like, what is this mean? What does it mean for me? What does it mean for my unborn child? Was it mean for my child who's now three and a half years old and live there for that? What does it mean and there was nothing I think one of the things that Love Canal that was just demonstrated the wrongdoing by government was the fact that they would never bring people there to explain why these decisions. Why this and what happened to the others. The blood tests you mentioned, all these children are coming for blood tests. What are we looking for? No one would tell us are we looking for cancer? Are we looking for chemicals? Are we looking for disease? What are we looking for? We're we're checking the blood. What are we looking for? No one would tell us it was a huge mystery. They had a plan. They knew what they were looking for. They knew look they're doing but they chose not to inform us to keep us in the dark.&#13;
&#13;
And then Family Start moving into motels. This must have been disconcerting for these families. What was that like to suddenly have to move into a motel and not know the future?&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, it was it was again another sort of terrifying thing because I one hand it was a relief so you're out of your home. You're in a hotel your children are breathing safe air. Oh, so you believe and and you're in a safer environment. But the flip side to that is, oh my gosh, we got moved out. We're in a hotel. It's so dangerous, right? That we cannot live in the house. And then by the way, we had to move back to the community. Not everybody went to the hotel and stayed out of the neighborhood. So it was a catch 22 On one hand, it was sort of validation that what we were saying is right, that there was danger there. And on the other hand, you know, it was like, it was sort of scary and awful. Most of our families, by the way, work swing shifts. So for my husband work, three to 1111 to seven in the morning, seven in the morning to three in the afternoon. And so when you're in a hotel and you do swing sets, you can't sleep you have one room for all of you. You can't eat you can't pack a lunch, right? If you're if your shift is three to 11 step to bed but a loving the seven. You know how do you do that? How do you get food? How do you have milk around for the babies? And so you know, it was it was on one hand it was really fun the other hand it was just horrible.&#13;
&#13;
Where did your husband work? Lois? I never asked him.&#13;
&#13;
My husband worked a good year. He was a chemical operator at the plant on 56th Street. That was one of the plants by the way that came out with a high level of vinyl chloride and liver damage in both workers and the surrounding community.&#13;
&#13;
Well I don't know if you want to get into the marriage thing but I know that you you divorced Right. Was it love canal that that caused it and when when you became immersed in this movement? It kind of took over your life.&#13;
&#13;
It definitely took over my life. And and yeah, and to a certain extent it was. But But what what it was was that Harry my husband Harry was the same. You know he was just the same the same day and I'm the one who changed so you know after looking at all during look Cannella have been saying well don't you know as soon as is over and and tobacco be full time mom I'm gonna do all the things we need to do. You don't have to help with laundry anymore shopping or childcare or whatever. And then after the finale, I was like, you know, I can't go back to to being a full time mom. I really feel like I have this this new knowledge and understanding that I need to share with other moms across the country. Because everywhere you were looking then in the media, you were hearing about new love canals here and there and across the country. And so I felt like you know, I really needed to do that so essentially outgrew each other and ended up getting divorced as a result of that.&#13;
&#13;
I want to get into your move to Washington a little bit later but let's let's jump ahead to dioxin. Dioxin from what I understand is probably the most lethal chemical created by humankind used to defoliate the jungles in Vietnam It's that powerful and then it's detected in Love Canal. This change pretty much changed the way people began nationally looking at Love Canal&#13;
&#13;
No, it was interesting. So it it did change to the point where we knew it was dangerous. We heard it was dangerous. We read it was dangerous. We have Google and all that stuff we have today right? So we actually had a library and pick up a book and read it. But when the national media and national scientists and national groups like the Vietnam vets started saying oh my gosh, you guys you really should be worried about this. There was panic. I mean, especially in people like Debbie Cirillo. She looked at 97th Street, and she had the highest level of dioxin in her backyard right next to her swimming pool, aboveground swimming pool. And so yeah, it was frightening because you know a lot. A lot of people our age served in Vietnam, they understood what Agent Orange did, again, sort of like in our community. We had workers who worked in the plant with the same chemicals that their children are breathing this this whole dioxin thing in Agent Orange it was just frightening as all hat and and we really thought that you know it was traveling throughout the community and one of the discoveries they made it Love Canal about dioxin, by the way is that it does travels through the dirt. Originally, they said it doesn't it adheres to dirt and sticks there and so you don't have to worry. And we said no, no, no, you're finding it here, here, here and here. And there's a pathway there. So why don't you test that and so what they found is that dioxin actually does travel when it's mixed with a solvent like an oily chemical or substance. And so it was throughout the community and it was frightening. It was very frightening.&#13;
&#13;
And then comes the chromosome announcement that there's chromosome damage. This was another element that added to national interest and began really attracting national attention. How important was that announcement from the EPA?&#13;
&#13;
Oh, it was the straw that broke the camel's back. That at Love Canal by that time, which was May of 1980 when we began organizing in the spring of 1978. By that time, we were told that we would not go with our best we would not go in our yard. If you're pregnant or have a child under the age of two, you need to leave and of course you can return when your pregnancy terminates. Or your child reaches the age of two. We were told not to eat vegetables out of our gardens. We were told not to go in our basements we were told all this stuff. And then we were told it was perfectly fine to live in luck. That was no problem with living in Love Canal as long as you obeyed all these rules and then it was all of a sudden we have this chromosome damage and like what does that mean? And we found out that what it meant is like, not only do we have a high number of these particular breaks, but it means we're going to have more miscarriages and more stillborn babies and more birth defects of children. But the most important thing the straw that broke the camel's back, is when they said that genetic damage created by Love Canal chemicals that broke these chromosomes in this particular way would be passed down to our children, meaning my daughter and my son may have chromosome damage. And if they have children, their children could be born deformed or stillborn or whatever, because of Love Canal and that was it was just terrified. It's like how can you how can you say that and walk away? How can you say this and that you're not going to do anything and it really was it was about holding your child in your arm looking in that child's eyes and saying you might have been damaged and every child you have if its genetic will be passed on to that child and then next child and the next child that we just that was the straw that broke the camel's back and that's when people really lost it in ways that were frightening to me, personally&#13;
&#13;
and then you have to a EPA representatives coming in, who suddenly find themselves held hostage because the people outside the homeowners headquarters pretty aggravated. That was a moment that really was a moment. What do you remember about that?&#13;
&#13;
That was a moment that that was? So it goes back to when we were talking earlier that the health department makes these announcements and then they never send anybody to talk to the people. And this was yet another example these two EPA officials were hiding out in a motel. There was no public meeting to tell people what this chromosome breakage means. They were only meeting one on one with people who had their blood tested on an individual basis. And so I'm like you come down here and talk to these people. You come and tell people tell them they're going to be perfectly okay if that's what you think. And we call them down and then it literally was not a planned event. It happened spontaneously. People in the front lawn saw them come in circled them to come into the house. And that's where they stayed until we released them. And the truth was, by the way, Marie rice I told this to her 1000 times is that we were really detaining them for their own safety. We weren't holding them against their will but we so we held these guys for five hours and it was frightening. It was frightening at a number of levels. On a personal level. Am I going to jail? Am I ever going to see my children again, this is a federal offense. On a personal level across the street, on the roof, from our homeowners office, on sharpshooters with guns we could see that they were pointed out to us and and frankness Paul, who was one of the hostages he was a public relations guy. He he said Let's see this. You know they can shoot you and kill you dead and never split a hair on my head. And I'm like Oh, no. What am I doing? And then and then we got what do you do? Your whole house like what do you do? There's no manual for this, right? There's no you can't google What do you do? And trying to figure out how, you know how do we manage this? How do we do this in a way that that really makes sense and and everybody's safe in the front yard. There were all of these people who were coming out. People I didn't know people I didn't recognize picking beer. It was getting dark it was that was sort of another level of being scared because I didn't know who those people were what they will do. It was a new story. People were there live on the same all day long reporting out and so strangers were coming to see the action just like you know, Rubberneckers everywhere and yeah, so so it was it was very frightening at many different levels.&#13;
&#13;
And and, and then you added that if the White House isn't looking now, the better look because this could be a Sesame Street picnic compared to what could follow.&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, we did. You know, I had we had to let them go. Who and the reason we have learned go with the crowd is just getting just too loud and too it looked like it was going to explode and good reason. By the way. These are not evil people. These are not disruptive people either. These are mine apple pie kind of folk. But they've had all they can make. And so I had to go out and somehow get the crowd. Free to let go. And so that is what we did is I went out there and talked about how our congressmen were false was meeting with the President and that he would talk to them about this issue. And we wouldn't give them so this was Saturday. We would give them Wednesday, noon, to evacuate us and if we didn't get an evacuation then it would look like a Sesame Street picnic at noon to what we're doing today. So that was sort of a shot across the bow and a way for people to say yes, and then to get the hostages out before anybody got hurt, including the hostages,&#13;
&#13;
And helping the cause your cause was actually an actress Jane Fonda and her husband, Tom ate there on the scene. How important was that and anticipate anything like that happened?&#13;
&#13;
You know, it was very important. I did not anticipate it that they were coming with Ralph Nader to to Buffalo for an event and they swung by Love Canal and agreed to come and help us. And here's what was really important about and first of all, Jane and I are still friends today. We got we got arrested together on Friday. In December of last year. We that was her prior fire drill Fridays here in DC. But like, what was important about Jane is she brought the national media with her and the national media because right now we had to put pressure on the President of the United States who was running for office again for his second term and it was very iffy. And so we needed to get his attention. We need his people to say oh my gosh, these homemakers in Love Canal are making you look really bad and so we have to go and appease them. And so Jane Fonda coming brought that media attention in which we should say, President card you got to do the right thing. I mean, even even with the hospitality. We said President Carter, you have Wednesday till noon. We we we always put in and that was one of the important things about the media. Is that we always put the person's name out there that we needed to pressure who could make the decision to change the outcome, whether it was governor Hugh Carey, whether it was Cuomo later whether it was Carter, you know, that that was the only way we could get enough people to say, Oh, well, why is he doing that or why? When they're all he's actually did&#13;
&#13;
You recall President Carter's earlier visit at the airport when the signs were being held up and Governor Kerry said, Okay, lower the signs, he sees the signs. And then and then President Jimmy Carter admitted that, that the governor was was taking more of an initiative than the White House and kind of admitted that he wasn't quite, you know, maybe not doing enough.&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, well, that was the that was true. And what I discovered later, was that the state did not want the federal government involved, did not want EPA involved, did not want Health and Human Services, the ones who helped with the chromosome study was part of the EPA did not want anybody at the federal level involved. They wanted to hold the thing themselves. And in fact, at one point, I went to David Axelrod's office. He was the commissioner of health and I asked him in Albany, I asked him in his office, why is David roll for the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, not here, and it's a federal as a federal health agency that we've been wanting. And he said, I don't know I invited him and he just hasn't come. And I'm like, Well, I talked to him. He told me he never received an invitation. So here's what we're going to do. We're going to pick up your phone right here on this desk. And we're going to call David, and we're going to personally invite them both you and me to come to Love Canal. And he's Oh, that won't be necessary. I forced them to call David. And all of a sudden, then we had EPA involved. That's where the chromosome study came from. That put a number of other things happen. The New York State did not share with President Carter, the White House, the EPA anything except for what they had to. They wanted to keep it all in house. And the reason for that is a chemical industry. I mean, New York and if you look at Rochester, I mean it's not just Niagara Falls, in which the chemical industry controls an awful lot. Of New York, New York's economy outside of New York City. And so they were beholding to the chemical industry and Love Canal was gonna set all of those nasty precedents. That is going to change the way they do business. Change the way lawsuits happen, change the way people look at health and environment. It was going to change things and they wanted to change as little as possible.&#13;
&#13;
You know, you mentioned when we rise earlier, before we get to the President's big visit where we covered so many aspects of love. Library in mind, which you know,  Where we rice earlier, before we get to the President's big visit where we covered so many aspects of Love Canal and there's one story that sticks in my mind which actually reminded me that about a week ago is that house that was moved out of there. And Marie was standing right in front as the as the House passed by her. And why would somebody want to move their house when the house might have been infected?&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, well, you know, that's what America is really good at letting people just be stupid if that's what they want to do. That's what democracy is about. I don't know why he moved his house. He was convinced that it wasn't in this house that the chemicals had not seeped through the woods and then the furniture and stuff like that. And so he hadn't picked up and literally moved in. And by the way, sadly to say he moved it by another dump that he didn't know was a dump went out there and bought the land, but actually would wind up to another, but you know, people I mean, that's the thing that we have to embrace as a society you know, I wouldn't ever do that. In fact, I didn't even think my furniture and I was like, I don't want anything. You know, I went to Goodwill and bought my first sofa after I moved. But, you know, people are different and they think differently and they don't feel the same urgency or the same level of risk. And, and that's what makes us work so much harder. It's like, you know, it's like people believe that a tiny little bit of chemicals that you maybe can smell but certainly can't say can no way harm you like dioxin, for example. It really can't create those kinds. of problems. And it's a real hard, hard, hard thing to try to educate people about.&#13;
&#13;
To watch so I can go up from the podium and stay on top. More than 12,000 communities we've helped folks out tell you, what's in your community, what's in the air, what's in the water was buried, what's being transported through to manage all of this information that people can now use and organize around like they did in Philadelphia to stop the trains from coming through. There were, you know, bomb trains, I literally bombed trains that if they crash, they were going to blow up and half the building was going to go with it. So you know, I've just watched people, you know, just do some amazing things and it's just been extraordinarily rewarding over the years.&#13;
&#13;
And a lot of that right to know legislation started in Western New York, I owe in chemical from steel job, Assemblyman Joe Pelletier at the time was leading that fight. And you mentioned the strong union movement in western New York was responsible for bringing this to the public light that teeth were being loosened in the chemical plants and there was lead dust I believe in the government steel. The right to know really, this is all hitting at the same time Love Canal, the right to know legislation and, and West Valley, West Valley which you know, today is also still a very big issue. But I also wanted to ask you your what do you think? What are your concerns now? We have a new administration. President Biden, what are your hopes climate control he's made as a really major, major issue. Are you concerned that perhaps the, the toxic communities may take a second seat to to the issue of global warming and climate change?&#13;
&#13;
Well, they often do. I will say one thing that President Biden before he was President, and I shared a podium in Delaware together, in which I didn't have a watch and he lent me his watch. So I could go up to the podium and say on time, and he really does understand toxics environment. He he gets it. He's dealt with it in Delaware. The question the question is always the same though, and he's made a promise that he is that these things are connected climate and environmental justice and toxics in the community. However, nine out of 10 times what happens is in this happens in all government, so it's not just white is that they look at the bigger picture. How can we save the most people or protect the most people and that's when climate always Trump's a community, like West Valley or a community, like the one in Delaware or or Baton Rouge or you know, somewhere else, that those are contained problems and that's what we've been struggling with for an awful long time. And I'm hoping the Biden camp will will address this, that that, you know, in Port Arthur, Texas, they're making the fossil fuels that are creating the climate change problem. And underneath those fossil fuel plants are low income brown and black families who cannot believe because of the chemicals and was a pandemic this year. They're much more susceptible and they're dying at a huge rate because it's a respiratory irritant. The chemicals and the pandemic of COVID 19 is a respiratory attacker and and it's just an they have to shelter in place. It's just insane. So I am hoping that he's he says he's connecting climate, fossil fuels and environmental justice brown and black people living in these toxic communities together. I'm hoping he does that. But historically, it's always been since since 1990, it has always been how do we protect the most people? And that is like a climate change issue. And it's true and it's not the takeaway from that. I think fettucine incredibly important. We need to do and, and we are working on it. But we we also know the smaller numbers of people who are dying in these communities because they're, they're really 53 million people. So it's a smaller number in reference to the population with a world population that's impacted by climate. But 53 million people it's a lot of people that need protection today, so I'm hoping you will&#13;
&#13;
You know, most so many years after Love Canal, we went back together. I know you paid us a visit. And there was another problem people would move back into the Love Canal neighborhood. And I just remember you couldn't you were just beside yourself. I mean, how we you know, the warning signs were out there and everything was out there. This This was the first super fun, you know, this was the first and yet people move back now. How did how could that have happened? And there were lawsuits now.&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, I mean, I think it was twofold. One it was the it was the lies and the rhetoric we know what lies do when especially when they're repeated over and over again by people in power and authority. The lies who say that the northern end of look and I was perfectly okay to live in. That was a lie. And but it was, you know, the City of Niagara Falls revitalization committee, the state of New York that the you know, Niagara County Health Department, you know, all of them. They all repeated this line over and over and over again, and people believed it. And part of the reason they believe that is because they got a $250,000 house for $70,000&#13;
&#13;
The City of Niagara Falls revitalization committee, the state of New York, you know, Niagara County Health Department, you know, all of them. They all repeated this line over and over and over again. And people believed it. And part of the reason they believed it is because they got a $250,000 house for $70,000.&#13;
&#13;
It was it's a good deal right? And many of them thought they would just live there. It was homesteaded. So they had to live there for five years as their primary residence, but they were going to live there for the five years, sell the home and go buy a home somewhere else where it was cleaner and safer and at least there was less questions. But what happened was people move in they started getting sick, and they couldn't move out. And you know, when they were discovering the chemicals in the backyards in their basements, just as it was before, then nobody's gonna buy their home, right? Like it's no longer $270,000 home or a $300,000 home. It's now worthless, just the same as ours were and so people got caught in this trap and that was unfortunate. And I think the other thing is that it was affordable housing. That was the other it was really cheap housing. And they were lovely homes and and so people were sort of this one woman I spoke to had two little girls and she said she could buy the house there and and she you know, she was asking me not to pass judgment, but she said how dangerous dangerous is it really miss Gibbs because we're living now it's drugs and crime and other things. And you know, I could get that house in love for now. And you know, removed my two daughters from all of this other dangers. And so it's waiting, you know, in the richest country of the world. We shouldn't have our people moms moms have two little girls single mom, two little girls had to make a decision between living where there's crime and drugs and raising their daughter verses where there's toxic poison, but the rest of it's okay. That's that's the society we live in today. It's really kind of sad. So, in closing, Lois, how How are your kids doing?&#13;
&#13;
How are your children? My kids are doing fabulous.&#13;
&#13;
My son in just ran a 50k marathon yesterday in the snow in the ice and rain and he's healthy as a horse and doing really well. And my daughter is in Austin, Texas. Who got three inches of snow yesterday.&#13;
&#13;
And she has she has three beautiful grandchildren that are all perfectly healthy. So I've been truly blessed. Wonderful. Well, we're expecting maybe nine to nine inches to a foot coming our way again in the live in Texas. That's you know, that's just a dusting here in Western New York. You know that.&#13;
&#13;
Thank you so much Lois, for taking time with us. Tom, did I leave anything out?&#13;
&#13;
I'm gonna unmute myself. But can I ask one question, would you mind?&#13;
&#13;
Am I unmuted?&#13;
&#13;
I can hear you. Okay, good. First off, fascinating. Thank you so much. I just love sitting here listening to this.&#13;
&#13;
I teach a class in journalism. And I showed them I showed a lot of the kids the Love Canal stuff, file footage, and they were fascinated and here's my concern and I want to ask you this question if you could pass along some advice to these kids, because I think a lot of them as freshmen reporters, make the same mistake that the mayor made with you thinking just a mom, what does she know? What did these people know? The government says it's safe, it's fine, and they blow off the story. If you're a freshman reporter and you come across the lowest gifts of 1978 in the NL situation, Mo What do you tell them? What's your advice to them?&#13;
&#13;
I have two pieces of advice. One you could you could be a hero like Mike Brown. If you were to look at closer at some of these situations, and you could you too could break open this whole new arena of reporting. I mean, he did laying waste and he did all that he was the dude right for a long time. And that's because he talked to Karen Schroeder and you believe Karen Schroeder and he took it step 234 And five, everybody else blue Karen showed her up she was a mom was sickly kids and whining about it and her pool popped out of the ground. I mean, what kind of weird woman is this? So So really to look look beyond? Don't Don't assume what you see and what you think is real, I think is really, really, really important. And I think the other thing is that if you look at what has changed and when we're looking at social justice, so whether it's a civil rights or the women's rights or the peace movement, whatever, or environmental, almost all of them came from nobody's raising a flag about something. You know, a whistleblower, a woman who started organizing a newbie campus because she wasn't getting paid the same amount of money for the same work as a man. Right and and these are these are, these are the opportunities the Rosa Parks of the of the world, right, that these are the opportunities to really tell a story in society that is so important for people to hear, understand, and hopefully take some steps to change down the road. But it almost never comes from the governor or the mayor. It almost never comes from corporate executives. It generally comes from you know, a teacher at the University of homemaker who smell something weird. A worker who blows a whistle in a way we're seeing this in a pandemic with the vaccines and what's going on with that right. So so those are the people who are more likely to make your career then choosing to ignore them and go interview the governor was just going to give you whatever talking points is a communications person gave me this morning.&#13;
&#13;
Great if I thank you so much. You're welcome. Let me just say, let me just say on camera, just to close out the interview, Lois, thank you Lois, thank you so much. For sharing so much of your life with us and the influence you've had on Western New Yorkers and the country and what you're continuing to do with your life in such an amazing way, bringing about all these changes.&#13;
&#13;
It's just really an amazing story. Thanks for everything.&#13;
&#13;
Thank you. Talk to you later.</text>
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                <text>An Interview with Lois Gibbs [Her battle and victory on behalf of Love Canal homeowners]&#13;
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                <text>Lois Gibbs, a stay-at-home mom who whose family moved into the Love Canal neighborhood when her son was one year old, was never told she would be living on top of a dumpsite where 20 thousand tons of toxic chemicals had been buried.&#13;
&#13;
She says that her son, who had been “perfectly healthy,” suddenly got “sicker and sicker and sicker.” He developed epilepsy. Lois began reading articles by Michael Brown in the Niagara Gazette, questioning whether a disproportionate number of health issues in the community could be attributed to toxic chemical exposure.&#13;
&#13;
Mrs. Gibbs, who said it was “terrifying,” began her search for answers by going to the Niagara Falls school board, City Hall, and the offices of state senators and other representatives. She says no one offered to help. She says Mayor Michael O’Laughlin told her Michael Brown was a “troublemaker,” and that she should “go home and take care of my child.” &#13;
&#13;
In her interview with Rich Newberg, Lois Gibbs reflects on the strategies employed to finally get the president of the United States to come to Niagara Falls and sign legislation benefitting Love Canal families wishing to move out of the neighborhood. It also created a Superfund to assist other communities across the country dealing with the hazards of toxic chemical exposure.&#13;
&#13;
Portions of the Lois Gibbs interview appear in the 2021 documentary, “The Buffalo Story: History Happens Here.” It is part of the Rich Newberg Reports Collection. The Love Canal segment entitled “A Toxic Nightmare: The Awakening,” won a New York Emmy award in 2022 in the category of Science/Environment.</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by Moments In Time Video, Inc. &amp; TVRE Productions, Inc. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/items/show/2175"&gt;A Toxic Nightmare: The Awakening [The Story of Love Canal Pt. 1]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2176"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Love Canal: Neighborhood of Fear [The Story of Love Canal Pt. 2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2177"&gt;Turning Anger Into Action [The Story of Love Canal Pt.3]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2178"&gt;What Have We Learned? [The Story of Love Canal Pt. 4]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class="element-text"&gt;&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/admin/items/show/2347"&gt;An Interview with Michael Brown&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>A select group of Buffalo’s most gifted African American musicians reflect on the era when the Colored Musicians Club hosted the nation's greatest jazz artists. Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Dizzy Gillespie, and Miles Davis were among those who came to the club after their concerts and jammed with Buffalo musicians “until the sun came up.” The musical ties were strong. Buffalo musicians were sometimes invited to join the jazz greats on the road. &#13;
&#13;
The club was organized in 1918 and chartered in 1935. The building on Broadway and Michigan Avenue was purchased in 1944. It provided rehearsal space and social opportunities for Buffalo’s Black musicians who belonged to Local 533 of the American Federation of Musicians. Club members recall being denied entry into the white musicians union, Local 43. The two locals merged in 1969 but the Colored Musicians Club is still thriving. The building now features an interactive museum and is scheduled to undergo a multi-million dollar renovation and expansion.&#13;
&#13;
The first video is a compilation of segments by Rich Newberg, drawn from the 2003 WIVB-TV documentary, “Buffalo Soul: The Legacy Plays On.” The second piece is a WIVB-TV report by Jordan Williams marking the 80th anniversary of the Colored Musician’s Club. It aired on July 24, 2015.</text>
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Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35167">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>A Change of Course : Applied Lessons of the Amistad Slave Ship Rebellion</text>
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                <text>This television special documents the Buffalo visit of the Freedom Schooner Amistad, a replica of the infamous slave ship. Thousands of school children were among Western New York visitors who viewed the cramped quarters from which African captives liberated themselves and killed their oppressors. Their bravery changed the course of the ship and history. The documentary also shows how African American Churches in Buffalo have developed projects to address economic, social, and health needs of the community. This is the fourth in a series of News 4 specials about black history in Western New York.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text> Hairston, Mylous (Producer, Co-host)</text>
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                <text> Brown, Dave (Technical Crew)</text>
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                <text> Ayers, Don (Technical Crew)</text>
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                <text> Lawrence, John (Technical Crew)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29329">
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                <text>In December 1990 a group of journalists from Buffalo were escorted to a remote desert base in the Persian Gulf as Air Force Reservists from Niagara Falls prepared for war. WIVB-TV reporter Rich Newberg and videographer Mike Mombrea Jr. documented the work of the 914th Tactical Airlift Group, which operated the C-130 transport planes. Their series of reports from the desolate air base called Mirage showed how reservists were attempting to keep up their spirits after being told they would not be rotated back to the States. Their performance record was near perfect and the First Gulf War was only weeks away from being launched. The personal vignettes include a father and son who share their concerns for each other's safety, as Operation Desert Shield was about to turn into Desert Storm.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Beyond the Road to Freedom : New Lessons as Freedom's Message is Brought to Life</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Western New York is a leader in presenting re-enactments at authentic sites dating back to the days of abolitionism. Learn why these Underground Railroad sites are now gaining national attention. See how efforts have begun to document and preserve these treasures for future generations. Untouched original hiding places for escaping slaves are revealed. You will understand why the civil rights movement had its earliest origins in the Buffalo/Niagara region. See how the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo offered both hope and despair for an aspiring African American community in the country's eighth largest city at the time.</text>
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                <text> Vetter, Tom (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
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              </elementText>
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                <text>Musial, Chris (Executive Producer)</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text> Hairston, Mylous (Reporter)</text>
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                <text> Murphy, Kurt (Graphic Arts Director)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28408">
                <text> Mombrea, Mike Jr. (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28409">
                <text> Root, Kim (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28410">
                <text> Dee, Joe (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28411">
                <text> Greene, Terry (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28412">
                <text> Mombrea, John (Post production Non-linear Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28413">
                <text> Battilana, Tony (Director)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28414">
                <text> Clemons, Michael (Technical Director)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28415">
                <text> Benzel, Gary (Audio Engineer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28416">
                <text> Griswold, Jason (Tape Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28417">
                <text> Brown, Dave (Font Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28418">
                <text> Serio, Sam (Master Control Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28419">
                <text> Sanders, Greg (Master Control Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28420">
                <text> Dawkins, Don (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28421">
                <text> Newberg, Rich (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28422">
                <text> Vetter, Tom (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28423">
                <text> Hairston, Mylous (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28424">
                <text> Musial, Chris (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28425">
                <text> Buscaglia, Jennifer (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Pan-American Exposition (1901 : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28428">
                <text> African Americans--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> Abolitionists--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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                <text> Underground Railroad--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> Fugitive slaves--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28432">
                <text> African Americans--Civil rights--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> New York (State), Western--African Americans--History</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28434">
                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28435">
                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28436">
                <text>2002-01-30</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28439">
                <text>video/mp4</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28440">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28441">
                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29326">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36491">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="1814" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
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        <src>https://digital.buffalolib.org/files/original/4bee8609b6d0607ace2ee9ed444a40c8.mp4</src>
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                  <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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    </collection>
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      <name>Moving Image</name>
      <description>A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation.</description>
    </itemType>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Buffalo Soul : the Legacy Plays On</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Aging African American musicians reflect on Buffalo's glory days as a great jazz city, highlighting the jam sessions at the Colored Musicians Club. Includes a tribute to the late Al Tinney, one of the founding fathers of modern jazz. The challenges faced by African Americans drawn to Buffalo for job opportunities are examined by Buffalonian Eva Noles, known for breaking the color barrier in the nursing profession.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Originally aired on WIVB-TV.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28448">
                <text>Newberg, Rich (Producer, Writer, Host)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28449">
                <text> Vetter, Tom (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28450">
                <text> Dawkins, Don (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28451">
                <text> Hairston, Mylous (Producer, Reporter)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="29334">
                <text>Musial, Chris (Executive Producer)</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text> Mombrea, Mike Jr. (Photographer, Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28453">
                <text> Mombrea, John (Post-production Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28454">
                <text> Baxter, Tim (Post-production Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28455">
                <text> Dady, Kelly (Director)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28456">
                <text> Clemons, Michael (Tape Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28457">
                <text> Benzel, Gary (Tape Operator)</text>
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                <text> Young, Matt (Audio Engineer)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28459">
                <text> Dawkins, Don (Researcher)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28460">
                <text> Newberg, Rich (Researcher)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28461">
                <text> Vetter, Tom (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28462">
                <text> Hairston, Mylous (Researcher)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28463">
                <text> Musial, Chris (Researcher)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28466">
                <text> Jazz--New York (State)--Buffalo--History and criticism</text>
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                <text> African Americans--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28468">
                <text> Tinney, Al.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29425">
                <text>African Americans--New York (State)--Buffalo--Social conditions</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28469">
                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28470">
                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29325">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text> Battilana, Tony (Director)</text>
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                <text> Dadey, Kelly (Director)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001.</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>In 1983, a little more than a decade after President Richard Nixon visited the People's Republic of China, a Buffalo TV news team accompanied a cancer researcher to the Mainland. Dr. Thomas Dougherty, of Roswell Park Cancer Institute, had developed a new treatment using laser beams and a special drug, designed to shrink non-bulky tumors. The Chinese had adopted the technique. During the journey, WIVB-TV reporter Rich Newberg and photographer Mike Mombrea Jr. were able to capture a unique inside view of Communist China, as its doors began opening wider to Western travelers, scientists, and companies.</text>
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                <text> China--Economic conditions</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1983</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
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            <name>Source</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28609">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29320">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>eng</text>
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  <item itemId="1822" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>It was 1985, the height of Solidarity's struggle for freedom and democracy in Poland. A popular priest had been assassinated. The Communist regime was tightening its grip on dissidents. Against this backdrop of strife, a delegation from Buffalo, New York, journeyed into the heart of the struggle, meeting first with Solidarity leader Lech Walesa, then with Pope John Paul II in Italy. "Hearts and Minds Together" is a series of vignettes documenting this historic odyssey, further strengthening ties between the people of Poland and Western New York. The documentary shows the triumph of the human spirit over adversity and oppression. The pontiff, at a quiet moment in his summer residence at Castel Gandolfo, told program host Rich Newberg: "Without Solidarity, there can be no peace."</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Originally aired on WIVB-TV.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Solecki, Richard (Trip Organizer)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Solidarity (Polish labor organization)</text>
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                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29317">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>In Our Lifetime</text>
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                <text>The triumphant grand opening of Buffalo's inner harbor, based on the theme of the Erie Canal, symbolized a new era of hope for the city. The rebirth of Buffalo's waterfront allows visitors to relive the heyday of the Erie Canal, when the Queen City of the Great Lakes was the nation's 'Gateway to the West.' In this television special, WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent takes viewers back in time when Buffalo's bawdy Canal District was among the toughest of its kind in the world. There is also a special segment paying tribute to the city's beloved Memorial Auditorium, which was taken down to make way for new waterfront development. Featuring Buffalo Congressman Brian Higgins, whose vision and actions helped make Buffalo's revival, through waterfront development, possible.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Originally aired on WIVB-TV.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Musial, Chris (Executive Producer)</text>
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                <text>Vinciguerra, Jerry (Graphic Artist)</text>
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                <text>Cornwell, Craig (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Summerville, Dan (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Woodson, Paul (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Ivancic, Paul (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Baker, Boe (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Paszkowsky, Danylo (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Phillips, Shane (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Dee, Joe (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Carroll, John (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Swenson, Scott (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Tielman, Tim (Historical Consultant)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Blanchard, Tom Jr. (Historical Consultant)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Newberg, Rich (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Schlaerth, Joseph (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Communism--Cuba--History</text>
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                <text>Cuba--Economic conditions</text>
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                <text>Cuba--Social conditions</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1994-03-30</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28765">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29315">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36502">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>At one time he was our neighbor, raised in rural Niagara County and trusted as a baby-sitter for the children next door. Timothy McVeigh would grow up to become America's most notorious terrorist, taking 168 lives when he bombed the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. This is his life story, including an exclusive interview with his father, Bill McVeigh, shortly before Timothy was executed for his crimes. Hosted by WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Vetter, Tom (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
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                <text>Musial, Chris (Executive Producer)</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Carroll, John (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Van Horn, Mike (Graphic Artist)</text>
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                <text>Giovenco, Joseph (Director)</text>
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                <text>Clemons, Michael (Technical Director)</text>
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                <text>Benzel, Gary (Audio Engineer)</text>
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                <text>Foster, Joseph D. (Tape Operator)</text>
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                <text>Brown, David (Font Operator)</text>
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                <text>Griswold, Jason (Master Control Operator)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>McVeigh, Timothy</text>
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                <text>Terrorists--United States--Biography</text>
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                <text>Oklahoma City Federal Building Bombing, Oklahoma City, Okla., 1995.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2001-06-11</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>video/mp4</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28815">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29313">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36504">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Lost Childhood : the Story of the Birkenau Boys</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Originally aired on WIVB-TV.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mombrea, John (Imix Editor)</text>
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                <text>Bacon, Yehuda (Artist, Holocaust Survivor)</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps--Poland.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29312">
                <text>Copyright held by Moments In Time Video, Inc. and Mike Mombrea, Jr. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of producers Rich Newberg or Mike Mombrea, Jr. and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>On a Beam of Hope : Journey Through China With a Buffalo Pioneer in Cancer Research</text>
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                <text>Christian, Roger (Music Coordinator)</text>
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                <text>Root, Kim (Video Production Editor)</text>
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                <text>Binis, Mike (Audio Engineer)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28854">
                <text>Case, Hal (Technical Staff)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28855">
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                <text>Rozek, Dan (Technical Staff)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28859">
                <text>Walkowski, Brian (Technical Staff)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28860">
                <text>Schneider, Lawrence (Historical Consultant)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28861">
                <text>Nersinger, Janice (Historical Consultant)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28862">
                <text>Bergman, Randy (CBS News Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Dougherty, Thomas J. (Thomas John), 1933-2018</text>
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                <text>Cancer--Research--United States</text>
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                <text>Cancer--Treatment--United States</text>
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                <text>Cancer--Research--China</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28867">
                <text>Cancer--Treatment--China</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28868">
                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28870">
                <text>1984</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28873">
                <text>video/mp4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28874">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28875">
                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29311">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36506">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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                <text>On the Homefront : is WNY Prepared?</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>On the homefront gives Western New York its first comprehensive report of the region's ability to handle any potential terrorist incidents. The attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001 put the country on high alert. The Erie-Niagara region is considered one of the nation's more vulnerable areas, in part, because of the Niagara Power Project, bridge and border crossings with Canada, and chemical and petroleum plants. During a period of anthrax scares, this television special shows how the Hazmat and SWAT teams and health and disaster coordinators are preparing for any potential assault on public safety.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28883">
                <text>Vetter, Tom (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Musial Chris (Executive Producer)</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28885">
                <text>Ersing, Rich (Contributing Photographer, Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28886">
                <text>Mombrea, John (On-line Editor)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Flynn, Lisa (Contributing Reporter)</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Rice, Marie (Contributing Reporter)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28889">
                <text> Le, Lani (Contributing Reporter)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28890">
                <text>Beauchamp, Steve (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28891">
                <text>Root, Kim (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28892">
                <text>Woodson, Paul (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28893">
                <text>Goldschlag, Dave (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28894">
                <text>Mombrea, Mike Jr. (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28895">
                <text>Swan, Ray (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28896">
                <text>Dawkins, Don (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28897">
                <text>Greene, Terry (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28898">
                <text>Ersing, Matt (Contributing Photographer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28899">
                <text>Battilana, Tony (Director)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28900">
                <text>Masse, Dave (Audio Engineer)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28901">
                <text>Palmatier, Scott (Videotape Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28902">
                <text>Brown, Dave (Chyron Operator)</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28904">
                <text>Erie County (N.Y.)--Defenses</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28905">
                <text>Niagara County (N.Y.)--Defenses</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28906">
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                <text>September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="28909">
                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>2001-10-30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28914">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29310">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36507">
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29308">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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