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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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              <text>Bread for the needy was distributed to 20 different social agencies today in Buffalo, but as Rich Newberg reports the giveaway is viewed as only a beginning.&#13;
&#13;
The first few cases containing some of the 3500 loaves of bread on hand, were loaded into a car on its way back to a daycare center in the city. The bread was donated by am and A's and though this is the result of a two year grassroots effort at getting a food bank network underway, its organizers candidly admit that the impact of this giveaway will be minimal.&#13;
&#13;
A drop in the bucket, a drop in the bucket, but it'll begin it'll it'll start the ball rolling and that's the big thing. Other .. other people will have food to give and they'll suddenly be aware of the fact that they're hungry people and there's an agency now to deal with it. That's the big thing.&#13;
&#13;
I live a block away.&#13;
&#13;
Willie Simmons was also thinking about food as he tried to keep warm near a trash can fire. He was thinking about feeding his two children. Willie Jr., seven, and Melissa, three. Their father was laid off three years ago as a shipping clerk. So now Willie Simmons tries to hustle a few bucks as the big refrigeration trucks pull into the loading docks.&#13;
&#13;
Basically down here. It's just the truck drivers be down here trying to cut you know, whatever. unload trucks load them up. Well, you know, it's hard to get diapers and milk and the eyes and ears, clothes and shoes. &#13;
&#13;
Willie chooses to avoid charity to provide for his children. But the bread that is now being distributed is for families that simply cannot make ends meet families that will gladly receive their fair share has been really difficult. I mean, you barely can make ends meet and you got to turn to the social services and they blacking out some people and some people didn't like noon and you just got to make the best of it. Well, you put a piece of butter on it and you can make a meal. You really can't and bonus. This bread is being dispensed at CAO headquarters at Harvard place where they say the job of feeding the needy is never over. Rich Newberg, news four, Buffalo&#13;
&#13;
His name is Harvey Bryant and right now that appears to be all that he has in life. A named rich Newberg reports now on a man who has taken up residence underneath the New York state thruway.&#13;
&#13;
This is home for 67 year old Harvey Brian. A few pieces of cardboard shielding him from the elements under the Thruway at Scott and Columbia streets.&#13;
&#13;
Recreation for Mr. Bryant is rolling a cigarette from a piece of newspaper. He does it in one smooth, uninterrupted motion.&#13;
&#13;
It is a skill he perfected while drifting from city to city for 30 years. Harvey Bryan is a hobo.&#13;
&#13;
He laughs when you ask him how he survives.&#13;
&#13;
Can this be a little bit gray if you have to go into the trash to get the food? This Mr. Bryant who says he has lived here for five months is concerned about the buffalo winter ahead. He says his health is failing. I'm sick already. I'm sick -- is pretty bad.&#13;
&#13;
While the rest of us entered Good Samaritans Richard Williams and his fiancee Dorothy Liu. They befriended Mr. Bryant this week and they can't understand why nobody has helped. I think it's a shame.&#13;
&#13;
You shouldn't have to live like this. Who's going to do anything? That's how I want to know what is he going to get help? No. The answer is yes. Because Mr. Brian's two friends brought his situation to our attention. We got the city involved.&#13;
&#13;
Two men from the Department of Human Resources found Harvey Bryant toting a railroad tie for firewood. Buffalo has had some frosty nights this week.&#13;
&#13;
I think everybody should have a proper place to live and this is this is really deplorable. And we're here to help Harvey and we're gonna see that it's done.&#13;
&#13;
Mr. Bryan thanked us and said he would be grateful for a roof over his head. He left behind his dinner of two rather crisp pieces of pizza and most of his worldly possessions, Catholic Charities and the city of Buffalo will make sure he is well fed and properly cared for which Neubert news for update.&#13;
&#13;
Buffalo soup kitchens are expecting a very busy winter this year but as rich Newberg reports for us now the city is gearing up to help those whose needs are the greatest.&#13;
&#13;
Could be a long and cold winter for Buffalo's hungry and homeless population. Matthew.&#13;
&#13;
Demand for food and shelter may be greater than current facilities can provide. We know it's gonna be tough. Well, there's more and more hungry people coming in every day more we see more new faces every day. Last week we found Harvey Bryant living under the New York State Thruway we learned today he is being observed at the VA hospital for possible neurological damage due to muggings. city agencies that finally came to his aid found he was unable to collect his social security benefits because he has no permanent address. But the problem As winter approaches goes beyond the so called street people. Could you end up on the streets this winter.&#13;
&#13;
Diane Cole is living in a house without furniture with her two sons. What happens if you don't get furniture? Because I wouldn't be homeless I won't even know where to go to children.&#13;
&#13;
What are your concerns about them?&#13;
&#13;
How to do everything to ward off a possible crisis. This winter. The federal government is making millions of dollars available to cities across the country and buffalo we'll share on that funding. We would like to make a collective effort so we can get everyone together, bring them together and cut some of the red tape that it takes to help some of our homeless people. For those looking toward winter with sorrowful eyes. There is now hope hope that the Harvey Bryant's will be few and far between rich Newberg views for Buffalo&#13;
&#13;
Here's a man who feeds about 200 people a day in his soup kitchen on Massachusetts Street here in Buffalo News. Ford's rich Newberg now has the story of a man who discovered his calling the hard way. Come on, here we go. can eat all that nobody goes hungry who enters Sunny Beat's soup kitchen known as helping hands do they get a hug and everybody knows they are welcome here. For me. It's a satisfaction that I'm able to help.&#13;
&#13;
There were times when I needed help and no one was there. Sonny Nieto knows what it's like to be down and out. He went through a painful period in his life, but even when he was committing crimes that landed him in federal prison. He never forgot the poor. It was nine years ago when Sonny Miotto went to prison for writing bad checks. He had been addicted to prescription drugs for a skin ailment that still leaves scars all over his body today, put yourself covered with crawling neons and being stung with bees the same time though he was confused and sick at the time. He acted like a modern day Robin Hood using the stolen money to buy food, clothing and furniture for the needy. I guess it's always been in me to help people. I always wanted to be a monk good preaching hopefully like that, but never did achieve them. So this was my way of doing it. Now Sonny Nieto operates his soup kitchen and food pantry through donations. Many of those he helps don't know his story, but they realized they would be lost without helping hands. I don't know where I would be. I mean, I would probably be out in the streets looking for food.&#13;
&#13;
So what motivates this man who runs Helping Hands faith? I think he has faith in himself that he wants to help people. If we can't help somebody along the way. What good are we good at we were nothing rich Newberg us for update&#13;
&#13;
Life will go on for the man who just wants to be called Jeff.&#13;
&#13;
It's day one just as life goes on for 100 to 150 others who on any given day live just out of sight in buffaloes tunnels under bridges and abandoned homes and in the streets in order to go over to cold blue tonight the van will be there. Okay.&#13;
&#13;
Stay warm. While there are well over 5000 homeless people a year in Erie County. Who are in and out of shelters. Only a small percentage, perhaps 50 or 60 will try and tough it out. When the weather becomes severe. Jeff was one of them.&#13;
&#13;
Most of the time was wildlife.&#13;
&#13;
Survival was only in real bad weather. Jeff somehow survived for two years, mostly living around this shopping center in North buffalo until the blizzards and the bone chilling temperatures of recent unrelenting buffalo winters. Finally, claimed both of his legs.&#13;
&#13;
Yeah.&#13;
&#13;
Jason Flores who reaches out to the homeless for the matt urban Hope Center had become concerned when Jeff could no longer be found.&#13;
&#13;
He finally tracked him down at the Erie County Medical Center where Jeff's life had been saved before after frostbite had earlier claimed some of his toes and part of one of his legs. This time, Jason made a vow at Jeff's bedside. We'll do what we have to do. Jeff will not return to the streets. We'll make sure that Thanks Jeff. We're gonna miss you. I'm gonna miss everybody. Jeff now is about to begin a new chapter of his life, mustering up the strength that helped him battle alcoholism, and long stretches of time without a job. He was once a cook. arrangements have been made to place Jeff in his own apartment. That's where he is heading now. But he has concerns.&#13;
&#13;
In the farming neighborhood, I've never been there before. I got to meet new people and everything. So that's a wheel. But this time Jeff has a network of people who not only believe in him, but are in a position to help what you're trying to instill in him. That he's gotten. He has what it takes to to to get past this and he can live safely. Jeff is now part of the housing first program, which places the chronically homeless in permanent supportive housing. He's in an apartment he's not in the street sees he has food, he has clothing, he gets a phone. Yes TV, everything needs to move on to the next level in his life. But that last part solely rests with Jeff now. He's taking a positive approach. I can reach the door hangers on your closet. I'm not worried about that. There will be help for him to reach new goals. I appreciate the help. I definitely want to get back to work if I can. I'm sure there's work out there at some point. You got to have a positive attitude. I've got 10 I'm gonna get get through and get by&#13;
&#13;
Jason Flores has something to offer to the homeless people he is about to encounter me come into to offer them hope to hook them up with services. He knows where they live.&#13;
&#13;
They live in the places where life passes them by staying warm. Do you want to go into shelter? cold blue tonight.&#13;
&#13;
Want somebody come pick you up? &#13;
&#13;
The man declined shelter but knows where the van will be parked? If he becomes desperate. As ironic as it is, you know, in the shadows of the million dollar buildings that were building down the canal side. We still have homelessness. You know we still have people sleeping under bridges and, you know in tunnels here under this tunnel next to these railroad tracks. A homeless dormitory of blankets and mattresses on hard rocks.&#13;
&#13;
It looks like there's some probably two people sleeping here you see some some woman's undergarments here and most likely a male is probably accompanying her. This shivering raccoon is now living in this space that jar Vaughn brown used to call home setup right here.&#13;
&#13;
Right now they're outside homeless people just appear nobody's around anymore. It's just you in the streets. And if you can find someone to help you, it's a blessing. Jason Flores was a blessing to Javon. He worked with him for a year after finding him under a frozen blanket. And he was laying in the blanket and it was literally a sheet of ice it was frozen solid. Giovane now works at the Matt Urban Hope Center and plans on earning an associate's degree in business. He is proof says Jason that every living soul on the street can be say his story is what keeps me going.&#13;
&#13;
Clients that are difficult to work with and hard to engage with. I just think Javon and did the effort that he put into it. Eventually it does pay off in the end&#13;
&#13;
Well, the bars that went up under these bridges have had a chilling effect on relations between homeless advocates and buffalo city police. The bars stretch across the concrete slabs were Buffalo's homeless find shelter from the elements homeless people like Pierre and others suddenly disappeared from sight and from the outreach workers who were trying to help them. Now we can't find them. So it can't find you. You can't house you, you know, so it's just more challenging for us to be able to find them. There are more than three dozen chronically homeless people who live like this in Buffalo and there have been coordinated efforts with the police to get them off the streets and into housing. But no warning was given even though Buffalo Police knew the bars would be put up by the State Department of Transportation. We get blindsided by a narrow minded approach that actually makes it more difficult for us to achieve our goal. Buffalo Police say there have been community complaints about heroin needles on sidewalks and public lewdness, but agencies dealing with the homeless would like to have had at least a heads up because once you violate somebody's trust, it's hard to rebuild that. Coming up at six why Buffalo was positioned to become a city solving the problems of the chronically homeless, Rich Newberg, News Four&#13;
&#13;
How sweet it's been to see buffalo, Bing again, is going to be back it's going to be bigger and better than it ever was before, with a billion dollars earmarked by the state for growth and development &#13;
&#13;
Buffalo's on the move&#13;
&#13;
And yet we are a city still struggling with issues of homelessness, inner city crime and failing schools with stagnated within it changing superintendents and in an environment where we see all kinds of opportunities opening up for people. It's not happening for the poor and minority people in the city. of Buffalo. We are still one of the poorest cities in America.&#13;
&#13;
It has always troubled me deeply to see the chronically homeless living in the shadows of the city.&#13;
&#13;
Stay warm if you want to go into shelter, get your vital. Some I got to know including Jeff, most of the time was away life. Survival was only in real bad weather. Jeff somehow survived for two years, mostly living around this shopping center in North buffalo. Until the blizzards and a bone chilling temperatures of recent unrelenting buffalo winters finally claimed both of his legs.&#13;
&#13;
Yeah, I followed his story even as he was given his own apartment. Thanks to the outreach agencies. That are making great strides to eliminate chronic homelessness and buffalo. But only months after I reported on Jeff's attempt at a new life. I learned that he had passed away reverting back to drinking, compromising his health even further. A Life in the balance should we be doing more to help the mentally ill cope in society? I raised that question 16 years ago, working with Tom Vetter, a gifted photo journalist with a deep social conscience. We entered the world of men and women trying to desperately eke out a life in boarding houses and on the streets are physically more intense. I can't handle it when I'm off my medication and then just try and commit suicide.&#13;
&#13;
They were existing from day to day, but many could have received much greater care. You have to meet all the needs. If you meet only part of them. It falls apart</text>
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                <text>1  In 1979 the Buffalo Food Pantry was created to assist residents who couldn’t afford to feed their families. As the project developed, there were still independent efforts to feed the hungry. In 1980, the Bread Giveaway was one such effort. An organizer expressed the hope that the community would become aware of the fact that, “There are hungry people and there’s an agency now to deal with it.” &#13;
&#13;
Only half a block away from the place where bread was being distributed, a poverty-stricken, laid-off shipping clerk tried to offer his services to load and unload trucks in a desperate attempt to provide milk and other essentials for his two children. &#13;
&#13;
2  For some of Buffalo’s homeless, living quarters are concrete spaces under the New York State Thruway. Some use cardboard to shield themselves from the elements. 67 year old Harvey Bryant was one of them. He was a “hobo” who was barely surviving on food from trash cans. His health was failing when a Buffalo family came to his aid. The City of Buffalo’s Human Resources Department and Catholic Charities were made aware of the case and immediately provided Mr. Bryant with shelter, while also addressing some of his other basic needs.  &#13;
&#13;
3  Buffalo soup kitchens faced increased demand in the 1980s during a period when the city experienced economic decline. Families suddenly found themselves in dire need. The federal government set aside money for cities hoping to do more for the homeless and the hungry. Buffalo’s Department of Human Services vowed to cut through red tape in order to help the neediest. &#13;
&#13;
4  Sunny Miano, a modern day Robin Hood, stole money to provide for the needy of Buffalo. He served time for writing bad checks. He then established a soup kitchen called Helping Hands. He became a beloved life-saver for the poor. His operating philosophy: “If we can’t help somebody along the way, what good are we? We’re nothing!”&#13;
&#13;
5  As we entered the new millennium, there were still more than hundred homeless people in Buffalo living in tunnels, under bridges, in abandoned homes, and on the streets. &#13;
&#13;
One of the most compelling and heartbreaking stories was about a man named “Jeff.” He lost both legs to frostbite. Various agencies came to his aid. He was provided a furnished apartment, but sadly, according to reports, he reverted back to heavy drinking and passed away.</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="http://digital.buffalolib.org/document/1810" target="_blank" title="A Life in the Balance: Struggles of the Mentally Ill" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;A Life in the Balance: Struggles of the Mentally Ill&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This series of reports compiled by retired WIVB-TV senior correspondent Rich Newberg documents the escape of Ralph "Bucky" Phillips from jail and the subsequent manhunt that cost a New York State Trooper his life. Two other Troopers had been shot and wounded by Phillips. It was one of the largest manhunts in the nation, lasting more than five months. Mr. Newberg's report on the funeral of Trooper Joseph Longobardo is included, as well as many stories documenting the progression of events leading up to Phillips' capture. &#13;
Ralph "Bucky" Phillips had appeared on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. &#13;
&#13;
Background&#13;
On April 2, 2006, Ralph "Bucky" Phillips escaped from the Erie County Correctional Facility by using a can opener to cut through the metal roof of the kitchen. &#13;
&#13;
He had been arrested on a parole violation following a burglary conviction in 2005. Although his criminal record also included grand larceny and other crimes, &#13;
he was initially not considered to be a violent person by friends and relatives, according to early reports.&#13;
Some believed he was intent on patching up his relationship with his daughter and grandchildren. &#13;
&#13;
During the initial phases of his escape, the public became fixated on Phillips' ability to allude police, who at times were hot on his trail. Feeding into his "folk hero" status, one restaurant established the to-go "Bucky Burger," for those "On the Run." T-shirts were marketed saying "Run, Bucky, Run!" A song with the same title was written.&#13;
&#13;
The Bucky Phillips saga turned dark when he shot and wounded New York State Trooper Sean Brown near Elmira on June 10, 2006. Trooper Brown was approaching a stolen Ford Mustang Phillips was driving.&#13;
&#13;
A second shooting took place in the Chautauqua County town of Pomfret on August 31st. State Troopers Donald Baker Jr. and Joseph Longobardo were hit during a house stakeout of a relative of Phillips. Longobardo later died from his wounds. &#13;
&#13;
Phillips was captured by Pennsylvania State Police on September 8, 2006. He surrendered in a wooded area with his hands raised. While in custody and taken in for processing, there were still supporters who cheered him on, much to the disgust of troopers.&#13;
&#13;
On November 29, 2006, Phillips pleaded guilty to charges of aggravated murder and attempted aggravated murder. He was sentenced in Chautauqua County Court to life without parole.</text>
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                <text>2006-09-08</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="198236">
                <text>Escaped prisoners</text>
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                <text>Phillips, Ralph James </text>
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                <text>Fugitives from justice.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="198239">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 325</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The isle of saints &amp; soldiers</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17412">
                <text>McCaw, Stevenson &amp; Orr, Ltd. : Dublin and Belfast (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17417">
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17422">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35913">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37085">
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16607">
                <text>The job worth doing is the one that interests you</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Ministere des finances</text>
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                <text>[G. P. Ltd.] (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16620">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Poster Number: 340</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The Key to the Situation</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17613">
                <text>National Catholic War Council Knights of Columbus</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17614">
                <text>Seargeant Bros. Ltd. : London &amp; Abergavenny (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17619">
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="17624">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>The Lackawanna Six - Case Revisisted</text>
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                <text>On April 24, 2004, Fox journalist Geraldo Rivera originated his “At Large” program from Buffalo City Hall. The purpose was to take a second look at the case against the so-called “Lackawanna Six.” His guests included the prosecutors and some of the defense attorneys who took part in case. &#13;
&#13;
Discussions centered on whether or not the six friends from Lackawanna, New York, just outside of Buffalo, were actually part of a terrorist “sleeper cell.” Questions were raised about the practice of what has been called “preemptive justice,” meaning the arrest of individuals who were considered possible threats for violent acts that were never committed. &#13;
&#13;
Prosecutors argued that attendance at a terrorist training camp and failure to disclose the fact to the FBI, were grounds for the arrests. All the defendants ended up pleaded guilty to “providing material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization.” They were given sentences ranging from seven to ten years. &#13;
&#13;
Defense attorneys maintained that their clients were lured into attending the training camp and realized too late what they had gotten into. They accepted plea bargain agreements that limited their prison terms. They   agreed to cooperate with the U.S. government regarding information they had obtained during their time in the Middle East. &#13;
&#13;
During their stay at the camp in Afghanistan the men from Lackawanna had been addressed by al-Qaeda leader Osama bin-Laden who said the United States would be a target of terrorist activity. Most of the defendants, according to their attorneys, decided they wanted to leave the camp early and have nothing to do with any attacks on America. &#13;
&#13;
Assistant U.S. Attorney William Hochul said the defendants were told by bin-Laden that “forty to fifty men (would be) enroute to attack America,” but chose to remain silent when they returned home in the summer of 2001. &#13;
He questioned whether that information might have helped avert the attacks on 9/11. &#13;
&#13;
Defense attorney John Molloy said all six had remained silent “out of fear.” He said they “were petrified” on 9/11 and that “they were afraid that they were next.” &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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                <text>Fox News&#13;
Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)&#13;
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                <text>Copyright held by Fox News. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>The Lackawanna Six - President George W. Bush Visits Buffalo</text>
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                <text>On April 20, 2004, President George W. Bush came to Buffalo to push for an extension of the Patriot Act, which granted the FBI the right to secretly conduct surveillance activities on American citizens without proving probable cause. This included physical searches and wiretaps. &#13;
&#13;
President Bush maintained that The Patriot Act had been instrumental in the arrests of the so-called “Lackawanna Six,” a group of friends from a small city outside of Buffalo, New York who attended a al-Qaeda training camp in Afghanistan just months before the 9/11/2001 terror attacks on the United States.&#13;
&#13;
While President Bush had referred to these men as belonging to a “terrorist cell,” their defense attorneys said the six had been lured to attend the camp, not realizing what it was all about. After being addressed by  al-Qaeda leader Osama bin-laden, most tried to leave the camp early. According to their attorneys, they wanted nothing more to do with al-Qaeda. &#13;
&#13;
Faced with a trial and potentially lengthy prison sentences, they all pleaded guilty to “providing material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization.” They received sentences of seven to ten years in prison and agreed to share information with the US government. &#13;
&#13;
WIVB-TV senior Correspondent Rich Newberg reports on President Bush’s visit to Buffalo and the Patriot Act support he received from US Attorney Michael Battle and Buffalo FBI Agent In Charge Peter Ahearn. &#13;
&#13;
Four days after the president’s visit, Fox News journalist Geraldo Rivera conducted a debate on the Patriot Act during a live Fox News Channel cablecast originating from Buffalo’s City Hall. “At Large with Geraldo Rivera” took a second look at the case of the The Lackawanna Six. &#13;
&#13;
In reviewing the case, Rivera reports that the FBI had been tipped off by an anonymous letter that a group of Arab Americans that had traveled to Afghanistan was there to “meet bin-Laden and stay in his camp for training.” Rivera states that the men had told their neighbors they were going to Pakistan for religious instruction. &#13;
&#13;
President Bush had stated that the Patriot Act “helps us to be able to connect the dots.” However, University at Buffalo constitutional law professor Dr. Lee Albert maintained that The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 had already allowed the CIA and FBI to cooperate in the Lackawanna Six case. “I don’t think the Patriot Act had a lot to do with this case,” he said. &#13;
&#13;
FBI Special Agent Peter Ahearn disagreed and said, “The dots were connected” through the Patriot Act. He said shared information between the CIA and FBI led to the connection to a foreign terrorist organization. He said it had started as a criminal investigation but that the “spin of this case” changed. He added that seeing “the whole picture” helped reveal “how al-Qaeda operated overseas.” &#13;
&#13;
During the debate, Patriot Act proponent Heather MacDonald of the Manhattan Institute maintained that there had been “utter paralysis in the country’s intelligence community before 9/11.” She added, “For months after 9/11 the political community, the media, was railing against our failure to connect the dots. The Patriot Act solved that.”  &#13;
&#13;
Patriot Act critic, former US attorney Bob Barr, said there has never been a federal law that prohibits intelligence agents and prosecutors to talk with each other. He said there is a danger that the Patriot Act could be used “as a subterfuge to undermine the Bill of Rights.” He added, “If we say, well prosecutors should be able to get anything, anytime, anywhere that they want simply because they say it’s to fight terrorism, then we might as well just throw the Bill of Rights, and especially the 4th Amendment (the right against unreasonable searches and seizures) out the window, and I don’t think we ought to do that as a country.”&#13;
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                <text>2004-24-04</text>
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                <text>Terrorism--United States--Prevention.&#13;
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</text>
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                <text>Muslims--Civil rights--New York (State)--Lackawanna.&#13;
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                <text>Civil rights--United States.&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-</text>
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                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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                <text>Fox News&#13;
Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)&#13;
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35021">
                <text>Copyright held by Fox News. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;Fifty selected programs from the Grosvenor Room’s performing arts collections, featuring theatre, music, and dance productions. These programs are a representative sample of the entertainment available to Buffalo audiences from 1816 to 1951, and include local talent as well as internationally renowned performers. The featured items are from the following two collections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists of music and dance performances in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1860 to 1930 and includes performances of dance, opera, musical comedy, orchestras, chamber music, choirs, and instrumental ensembles. The majority of the programs are from music performances, and many venues hosted famous musicians and composers including Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Jenny Lind, Geraldine Farrar, Maurice Ravel, Walter Damrosch, Gustave Mahler, Lily Pons, and Serge Rachmaninoff. Buffalo also hosted opera companies, orchestras, and symphonies from New York City, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh. Early Buffalo orchestras and singing societies, including the Buffalo Orpheus and Chromatic Club, are documented in this collection, as are the music halls, theatres, social clubs, museums, and other venues that hosted national and international performers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                  <text>Concert programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>The Lady of Lyons</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Academy of Music</text>
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                <text>Burns, T. H.</text>
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                <text>Lytton, Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron, 1803-1873</text>
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                <text>Langtry, Lillie, 1853-1929</text>
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                <text>Coghlan, Charles F. (Charles Francis), 1848-1899</text>
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                <text>Everill, Frederick, A.</text>
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                <text>Calvert, C.</text>
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                <text>Carne, Joseph</text>
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                <text>1887-05-17</text>
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                <text>Lillie Langtry, nicknamed "The Jersey Lily," was a British-American socialite, actress and producer. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The author of this play, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, was a British politician and writer. He coined the phrases "the great unwashed," "pursuit of the almighty dollar," and "the pen is mightier than the sword."  The opening line of his novel &lt;em&gt;Paul Clifford&lt;/em&gt; (1830) is that now classic phrase, "It was a dark and stormy night".</text>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30620">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2019 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Theater and Music Program Collection</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>Late Nineteenth Century (1850-1900)</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 665</text>
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                <text>The Last Call</text>
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                <text>Norman Lindsay</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>W.E. Smith Ltd. : Sydney (Printer)</text>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="21796">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>The Lasting Wounds of War — Vietnam</text>
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                <text>In the years following the end of the Vietnam War, veterans were shunned by segments of American society that actively demonstrated against the unpopular war.  Many vets suffered from recurrent nightmares and from the effects of Agent Orange exposure. The highly toxic chemical was used by the U.S. government to defoliate the jungle and expose enemy positions. In addition, families whose loved ones were missing in action were kept in limbo by the Vietnamese government. &#13;
&#13;
These were some of the stories brought to public light by WIVB’s Rich Newberg in his series of reports dealing with the lasting wounds of war. &#13;
&#13;
Delayed Stress Syndrome&#13;
A condition called delayed stress syndrome surfaces as Vietnam War veterans suffer the psychiatric after effects of combat. Five years after the war ended on April 30, 1975, sudden noises can trigger fearful reactions. Some vets have developed a distrust of people, while others cannot tolerate angry responses in a conversation. Outreach centers begin cropping up to deal with these issues.&#13;
&#13;
Max Cleland&#13;
Max Cleland, a severely wounded Vietnam War veteran who headed the Veterans Administration under President Jimmy Carter, expresses concerns that President Ronald Reagan will cut funding for outreach centers.&#13;
&#13;
Cleland, who lost both legs and an arm in Vietnam, has written a book called “Strong at the Broken Places.” He believes war veterans need counseling to help them develop positive outlooks toward life. &#13;
&#13;
William Duxbury Suffers Without Much Relief or Compensation After Being Exposed to Agent Orange&#13;
William Duxbury of Wilson, New York was nineteen years old when the Marines assigned him to handle Agent Orange in Vietnam. Now he says his joints are deteriorating and that he has a nervous condition that cost him his job. His wife gave birth to a stillborn child and their five children suffer from bone and muscular disorders.&#13;
&#13;
Duxbury says he knows of only one Vietnam veteran in Erie County who is being compensated for his toxic exposure to Agent Orange. He says the veteran is dying of liver cancer.&#13;
&#13;
William Duxbury Receives a Surprise Visit from a Marine Buddy He Thought was Killed in Vietnam  &#13;
Mike Metcalf walked into Bill Duxbury’s life eighteen years after each had thought the other was killed during a shelling attack by the enemy in Vietnam. By chance, Metcalf had seen the story of his friend on WIVB-TV. Metcalf had become a trained mental health counselor and was now in a position to help his fellow veteran deal with issues related to his experiences in Vietnam. &#13;
&#13;
Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall in Washington Gets Mixed Reviews&#13;
(2 pieces)&#13;
A national salute to Vietnam Veterans will take place in the nation’s capitol. The names of the 57,939 American soldiers killed in the war will be read. There is concern that the ceremony will conjure up suppressed anxiety and stress for some who lost friends in combat. &#13;
&#13;
A black granite wall in Washington DC bearing the names of those killed in the Vietnam War gets mixed reviews. There is “unresolved scar tissue that still remains over Vietnam,” according to Jan Scruggs, founder of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Foundation.  &#13;
&#13;
The war ended about six years earlier but now is brought back in a way that forces visitors to the memorial to confront their own memories. The faces of spectators reflect minds that are “searching, reflecting, pondering, mourning,' according to this CBS News report.&#13;
&#13;
Vietnam Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange Seek Compensation&#13;
Vietnam Veterans exposed to Agent Orange testify about the impact on their health. New York State lawmakers are learning that some veterans are suffering from cancer and painful lumps under their skin. Children of exposed vets are being born with birth defects. Eleven million gallons of the herbicide containing deadly dioxin were used to defoliate the jungles of Vietnam. &#13;
&#13;
Three thousand Vietnam veterans have sued five chemical companies claiming they knew Agent Orange could be deadly but failed to warn the government or its troops of the dangers.&#13;
Exposed veterans say they cannot receive free treatment at VA hospitals because it difficult to prove their ailments were caused by dioxin.&#13;
&#13;
Vietnam Ten Years Later&#13;
(Series)&#13;
April 29, 30, &amp; May 1, 1985   &#13;
Ten years after the end of America’s most unpopular war, WIVB-TV reporter Rich Newberg looks back at the televised conflict that divided the nation. Veterans of the war are still suffering from flashbacks and nightmares.&#13;
New programs are being created by fellow Vietnam veterans who understand the nature of the lasting wounds of war.  &#13;
Close to 2,500 American soldiers and civilians are still missing in Vietnam. &#13;
&#13;
Western New York families of POW’s or those missing in action keep the memories of their loved ones alive. The stories of Col. Robert Dyczkowski and Jimmy Rozo are featured. &#13;
&#13;
The Case of Col. Robert Dyczkowski—Missing in Action&#13;
In 2001 the United States Air Force closed the case of Col. Robert Dyczkowski. His remains, personal artifacts and parts of his fighter plane that crashed near Hanoi in April 1966 during the Vietnam War have been discovered. He was a husband and father of three children. His widow never remarried. Thousands of people had taken on Robert’s cause, wearing his POW-MIA bracelet. Thirty-five years of uncertainty finally came to an end. On April 6, 2001 Robert Dyczkowski’s remains were buried at Arlington National Cemetery. &#13;
&#13;
Remains of Col Robert Dyczkowski are Buried in Arlington National Cemetery&#13;
While one mystery is solved, more than 1,900 families in 2001 were still waiting for answers about their missing loved ones.</text>
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                <text>Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- United States.</text>
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                <text>Veterans -- Mental health -- United States.</text>
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                <text>Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Psychological aspects.</text>
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                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>Quilts embody a history of reuse and resourcefulness, of community relationships and care. They also invite collaboration, combining individual perspectives, skills, and stories into a diverse whole.&#13;
&#13;
This project was part of activities happening across Erie County throughout 2026 to celebrate 250 years since the signing of the Declaration of Independence. With its proximity to the vital resource of the Great Lakes, the region we call Western New York has long been home to vibrant and diverse communities, both before and after the pivotal events of this country’s founding. This quilt project aimed to visually reflect the unique cultural and familial histories of communities in this region throughout its history. &#13;
&#13;
Residents of Western New York were invited to make and submit a 9 inch by 9 inch fabric square (sewn or constructed using glue) responding to the question “Who are ‘we the people?’” A quilt of these unique fabric squares was be sewn together in August 2026. &#13;
&#13;
If you have questions regarding a specific quilt square in this collection or one that you were responsible for creating, please contact the Grosvenor Room at grosvenorref@buffalolib.org. </text>
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                <text>The Library has History Books</text>
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                <text>Participants of the We the People Community Quilt project were asked to answer a number of questions regarding their quilt square. 
1. What does your square represent? A history of the USA that should continue to be taught in public education. 
2. Why did you choose these symbols? My identity as an Ogwe'o:weh Onondowa'ga (Seneca) woman and mother 
3. What do you hope viewers notice or feel?  Rememberance</text>
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                  <text>The Pan-American Sheet Music collection consists of 25 song titles written for the 1901 Exposition in Buffalo, New York, and one title written for the Buffalo Midsummer Exposition in 1909.  It  includes popular songs,  instrumental piano for band music, a hymn to President McKinley, and an original manuscript.  &#13;
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This sheet music collection is presented as originally created. Several cover images and lyrics contain instances of racism and cultural stereotyping.&#13;
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                <text>The Lilliputian Queen</text>
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                <text>Digital collection copyright 2021 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;Fifty selected programs from the Grosvenor Room’s performing arts collections, featuring theatre, music, and dance productions. These programs are a representative sample of the entertainment available to Buffalo audiences from 1816 to 1951, and include local talent as well as internationally renowned performers. The featured items are from the following two collections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists of music and dance performances in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1860 to 1930 and includes performances of dance, opera, musical comedy, orchestras, chamber music, choirs, and instrumental ensembles. The majority of the programs are from music performances, and many venues hosted famous musicians and composers including Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Jenny Lind, Geraldine Farrar, Maurice Ravel, Walter Damrosch, Gustave Mahler, Lily Pons, and Serge Rachmaninoff. Buffalo also hosted opera companies, orchestras, and symphonies from New York City, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh. Early Buffalo orchestras and singing societies, including the Buffalo Orpheus and Chromatic Club, are documented in this collection, as are the music halls, theatres, social clubs, museums, and other venues that hosted national and international performers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Barrie, J. M. (James Matthew), 1860-1937</text>
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                <text>Jepson, Eugene, -1908</text>
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                <text>Irving, George, 1874-1961</text>
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                <text>Frohman, Charles, 1860-1915</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Maude Adams was one of the most popular and successful actresses of early 20th century theater. She starred in plays by J.M. Barrie, including Peter Pan and The Little Minister.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Buffalo's Star Theatre (W. Genesee and Pearl Streets) was a vibrant theatre venue from 1888 to 1919.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The original owner of this program was clearly a fan of Maude Adams, as they clipped magazine photos of her and pasted them inside.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2019 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Buffalo Theater and Music Program Collection</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>Late Nineteenth Century (1850-1900)</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Postcards from the Rare Book Room's collection. Primarily picture and photographic postcards of Buffalo &amp; Erie County locations, with a variety of publishers and production methods. </text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The Memory Keepers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;(2021)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;This feature presents the cornerstone project of the Buffalo Broadcasters Association (BBA). It lays out the goals and challenges in preserving and utilizing Buffalo’s archival TV news film and videotape dating back to the mid-1960s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;This piece is the most recent in a series of videos tracing the history of The Archive Project. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;“The Memory Keepers” was presented at the Buffalo Broadcasters Hall of Fame induction ceremony on November 4, 2021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;(Runs: 7:12)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The Archive Project History &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;(5 Parts: 2006 - 2011)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;(Total running time: 22:49)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The history of The Archive Project is presented here by Rich Newberg in a series of five features. They document a period of awakening to the value of archival TV news footage, and show how painstaking efforts are underway to preserve the moving images that reflect more than a half century of life on the Buffalo-Niagara Frontier.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Rich Newberg is a founding member of the Buffalo Broadcasters Association and former Archive Task Force chairman for the BBA. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;His five video reports were presented during most of the BBA's Hall of Fame ceremonies between 2006 and 2011.] &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;(Summary of Reports)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The Archive Project (2006)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 3:51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Edison’s historic moving images of Buffalo are presented as well as a vision for The Archive Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*The first meeting with Buffalo television executives is documented&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Recommendations are given for saving Buffalo’s TV news film collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The Archive Task Force (2008)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 4:00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*A task force is created to seek grants for digitization of TV news film in the BBA's possession&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*University at Buffalo senior research scholar Michael Frisch signs on to create a system for categorizing and indexing digitized material&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Highlights of major Buffalo news stories from the 1960s and ’70s are referenced (civil rights riots, Blizzard of ’77, Love Canal, Attica uprising, Jack Kemp’s political rise to power)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The Journey Begins (2009)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 4:39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*First boxes of TV news film are itemized from the year 1966&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*A vision is presented for a museum and resource center to house the collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*First meeting is conducted with Buffalo area colleges and universities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*The BBA’s Archive Project is featured at a national conference of the Institute of Museum and Library Services held in Buffalo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Conference presenter Dr. Michael Frisch calls Buffalo “one of the most important media centers in the country, of the evolution of television news.” He references Western New York natives Tim Russert, Wolf Blitzer, and political satirist Mark Russell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Buffalo Moments in Time (2010)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 3:52&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*A database is created listing the slugs of all 15-hundred WIVB-TV (formerly WBEN-TV) news stories from the year 1966, the first full year of the BBA’s collection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Scene Savers of Covington Kentucky sends representative John Walko to advise BBA leadership on how best to preserve and utilize the archival news film &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Dr. Michael Frisch illustrates how his company, Randforce Associates, is able to catalogue and index all the digitized footage for easy access&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*BBA president Dave Gillen says, “We’ve got all the pieces in place. We just need the money to do it.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The Scene Savers (2011)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 6:00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*The step-by-step digitization process is documented by Scene Savers staffers working on the BBA’s Archive Project. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*Mr. Newberg says future projects will range from documentaries, to classroom presentations, to museum exhibits&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;*The project seeks to complete the mission of the BBA to make Buffalo’s moving image history accessible to the public, “so that future generations will know their roots and will appreciate the contributions of Buffalo’s broadcasting pioneers.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Official Launching of The Archive Project&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;(2019)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;WIVB-TV Report&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 3:24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;On March 29, 2019, the Buffalo Broadcasters Association (BBA) officially launched The Archive Project. The BBA established written agreements with WIVB-TV (Nexstar/CBS) and WKBW-TV (Scripps/ABC) to digitize their news film and early videotape archives. The moving image archive will be  made available for educational use only.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Through BBA fundraisers, donations, and grants from the Western New York Library Resources Council, digitized news reports and clips dating back as early as the mid-1960s began being posted on the New York Heritage website. Postings will also appear on the BBA’s own website. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;This WIVB-TV news report by News 4 anchor Jacquie Walker shows viewers the scope of the project and why the initiative is a valued resource for Western New York and the nation.]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Official Launching of The Archive Project&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;(2019)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;WKBW-TV Report&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: 2:05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;The BBA collection of archival Buffalo TV news film and video tape becomes the first of its kind on the New York Heritage website. Rich Newberg, one of the chief architects of the project, comments that the collection will document “huge stories, huge challenges that faced this community.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;He says the archive holds valuable lessons for “seeking better solutions in the future.” He adds, “It’s the journalists, the reporters and photographers, who basically gave their communities the first draft of history. And that’s why we think it’s so vital to bring this back.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Actor Ed Asner Endorses The Archive Project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;(Recorded: September 20, 2019)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;Runs: :60 sec.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"&gt;Ed Asner, who played television’s legendary news director Lou Grant on the Mary Tyler Moore Show, endorsed the BBA’s Archive Project in a public service announcement. The endorsement was recorded while Mr. Asner was in Rochester, New York performing a one man show.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Asner endorsement&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:medium;"&gt;“Hello. I’m Ed Asner. You may remember me as television’s no-nonsense news director, Lou Grant. If you think about it, journalists provide us with our first draft of history. Right here in Buffalo, more than 50 years of TV news coverage is being brought back to life! Local stations are working with the Buffalo Broadcasters Association to bring back the stories that helped define the Niagara Frontier. It’s called The Archive Project, and I support it with all my heart! So should you.”]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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              <text>It's pretty much have a bomb thrown at you. It was tough. What do you think is going to be like having buffalo one newspaper?&#13;
&#13;
I think it's going to be much worse than having a two newspaper town.&#13;
&#13;
Any community is better off with two competing major metropolitan dailies, people in working depression and during hard times. They can't afford it. If the economy was better than they could support to pay this&#13;
&#13;
Good evening once again, everyone I'm Bob Koop. You know, it's been one full year now since the buffalo courier Express published its final edition. On tonight we're going to take a look back at the paper that once reached three quarters of a million readers here in Western New York. We're also going to look ahead to the future of newspapers in our area. But perhaps more importantly, we're going to talk about how the closing of one business in this case the buffalo courier Express, has affected each and every one of us a little bit later on in this program. I'll be joined by Doug Smith, former career editor now best known to our viewers as news four's fun Ranger. We'll also be talking with AD lapping, who's been in the newspaper business for more than 60 years. News credits include managing editor of the Detroit times and the Chicago Herald American. And from Boston we'll be talking with Jim Baker, the former radio TV critic from The courier Express whose column still appears in several local newspapers. Jim's now with the Boston Herald which is owned by News America, the company that almost took over the courier Express But first, some history.&#13;
&#13;
The Buffalo courier Express will cease publication with its Sunday edition of September 19. Unless a buyer is found, who will continue publication of the morning and Sunday paper. We make this announcement needless to say, with great regret this wasn't the first time and it certainly wouldn't be the last that a newspaper went out of business three months earlier in Cleveland, Ohio. The Press shocked that city by shutting down after 103 years of operation but perhaps because of recent store and plant closings here. Buffalo wasn't going to take the death of its morning paper lying down. Sure enough, six days later.&#13;
&#13;
This is a much happier day than the one we had last Tuesday. I'm delighted to announce the conditional sale of the buffalo courier Express by Cole's media company to News America publishing Incorporated.&#13;
&#13;
News America, the publishing Empire run by Rupert Murdoch has taken over several papers in financial trouble. And he's also taken on a lot of criticism. The New York Post on the courier Express are both newspapers but the courier was never like this. Look at these headlines. This is what's known as a tabloid newspaper.&#13;
&#13;
You're gonna have two papers, fighting to create a quality product in a vacuum without the money's not the staff, but the personnel but all that you need to put out a good product which is what the news is strive to do with the courier strive to do in past years. This is no time for Murdoch. This is not his time.&#13;
&#13;
But this was a chance to save the courier and most of its jobs with a couple of conditions. They came right&#13;
out and said that we're going to have if something were to continue to expect a lot harder work.&#13;
&#13;
Murdoch's demands the continued strong support of the business community and the cooperation of the courier staff and cutting costs and people between 30 and 40%. And News America had to know in less than three days these agreements must be achieved before midnight Thursday in view of the closure date set by colts media on September 19. Sunday.&#13;
&#13;
Well, it wasn't that easy. If the courier could have to work force 30 to 40%. The Buffalo News would be forced to make similar cuts to stay competitive, and the newspaper guild with union members at both papers wasn't happy. With the way the cuts were to be made.&#13;
&#13;
While the stumbling block was not the cuts themselves. If they were talking about 90, we might have been able to agree to 90 from the president 156 Whenever it got to that it was the issue of how they would be cut. Their notion is that they should pick and choose that somehow. Everyone who works there ought to think like Rupert Murdoch ought to be able to do what Rupert Murdoch wants. Three days&#13;
later, the Buffalo Courier Express published its final edition on Sunday, September 19 1982. Well, then on Monday, September 20, the Buffalo News came out with its first sunrise edition available at newsstands throughout the area, but not readily available for home delivery. The next day, the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle announced its plans to spread West offering some local news and sports coverage and own delivery and Courier Express territory to the east of Erie County. Two weeks after that the Niagara Gazette made it switch to mornings and began its spread into Erie County with delivery in parts of Amherst and the tunnel Wanda's then on October 11th. The Buffalo evening it was made switch formal, changing its name permanently to the Buffalo News for all its additions. And we'll take a look at some of the effects of the courier Express closing when we come back in just a moment. With me now is Doug Smith. Our fun ranging chief Gorham, a theater and movie critic jack of all trades rack on tour and other things here news for also though, the former entertainment editor of the buffalo courier Express. Doug started working here at Channel Four, six weeks after the courier stopped publication. He was one of the lucky ones. lucky indeed Bob and thanks to you and to everybody else and all my new friends out there. Now as you indicated not everybody could find a job. 1100 people lost their jobs when the courier Express folded. And as rich Newberg now tells us some of the people who could least afford to lose their jobs or the very people who still haven't found work.&#13;
&#13;
Life has been a struggle during the past year in this resume ski household daughter Melanie was four years old when her mother gave birth to twins in February. Seven months later, the Courier folded and next Doug Smith lost his job as a circulation truck driver.&#13;
&#13;
Is pretty much of a bomb, you know, thrown at you it was tough. And I still find it tough. It gets tougher now because the weeks turn into months and then months almost turn into a year now and you know, he still doesn't have anything and it's I'm putting a spot where I have to start looking and it's really hard with three little ones at home. If they were teenagers, I think it'd be a lot different.&#13;
&#13;
In order to feed his family. Nick had to rely on food stamps and the house he and Murray probably purchased in June of 82 now has a lien placed against it by the welfare department. Nick with a bachelor's degree in history never thought he'd wind up on welfare.&#13;
&#13;
It's just not right because after why you go for interviews here they want experience to now buy. I really want to do something now I have to go to school and get retrained because for four and a half years in college I do have in is just not going to find the job&#13;
&#13;
driving a truck for the courier was not a very challenging job for Nick but he would have grossed with overtime 18 to $20,000. He finished out the year. Marine who once worked in the couriers classified section at planned on returning to work after having the twins. But now this resume skis must save every penny they can sacrificing the good life they once knew.&#13;
&#13;
Can't remember the last time we went to the show or last time we went to a restaurant, you know and you try to find money for that you just can't now it's tough.&#13;
&#13;
Up in the attic Nick keeps his mementos from the Courier including a mock coffin he and others belt for closing day the coffin is stuffed with old courier newspapers. And some final editions have been laid to rest inside the Courier boxes that Nick has kept for posterity&#13;
&#13;
To show my kids is someplace of a newspaper. I used to be here at this newspaper. I missed a lot of good friends especially over in the transportation department. We had a lot of good, very good times over there.&#13;
&#13;
It's tough to look at a year later, but how many people remain out of work? Do you have any fingers on it? Well, Bob, I was at a reunion party last night and that was a great lot of fun. But the interesting thing about that was I was just tickled at the number of people that kept coming up and telling me that they'd found jobs even in the last couple of weeks. But I'd say about 30% of the 1100 remain out of work and many of those that are working are only marginally employed. Now the funny thing is it practically every editor and high ranking executive found a comparable job. Publisher Roger Parkinson became publisher of the Minneapolis Star Tribune back with a Carl's media people and executive editor Joel Kramer eventually joined him as an executive editor out there. But among the reporters in the sub editors many fine familiar names remain unattached to jobs. sports writer Phil Rinaldo old honest Harry, he considers himself retired. Rita Smith, a courier Express women's editor who so often touched all our hearts and did so many charitable things remains without work. On the other hand, TV columnist Jim Baker went from local weeklies and radio to Boston to Hartford and back to Boston, where he writes for The Herald America about the instability of the television business. Controversial Doug Turner joined the Washington Bureau, the Buffalo News, a lot of people surprised at that he does a bang up job and that doesn't surprise me at all. Columnist Carol Stevens and Eric Brady married shortly before the courier closed and they went hand in hand to USA Today in Washington. J. Boyer became the film critic for The Orlando Florida star Sentinel almost the day that the Courier closed, but columnist Mike Haley became film critic for The Denver Post. Just this past month, the news hired about 30 courier writers and editors but not very many columnist, probably the best known Louise Canelli, former Features Editor now a feature writer, artists top tools took his easel and caustic went down to the news and remains a nationwide syndication but Microsoft Liana opened his own cartoon studio then took a cartooning job with the Baltimore news American, among other photographers, Mickey Osterreicher signed on to a WKBW TV, Ron Muscat. He went to the Buffalo News and Ron Shefali that was on Ron makan Muscat. His staff became the chief photographer for the Niagara Gazette, Bob. It's a long long list and if anybody wants if anybody wants to find out what happened to some of the courier then give me a call after the show. And I'll try to give them a hand but for most of them, piecework, part time work, or just sitting there waiting for the phone to ring and there but for the grace of God and Channel Four, go live.&#13;
&#13;
Thank you. Okay, thanks, Doug. And when we come back in just a moment, we'll be taking a look at some of the other effects of the courier Express closing, stay with us. Well, as you might expect, it didn't take very long for the economics of the local newspaper business to change. The Buffalo News saw the most dramatic changes with its daily and Saturday circulation up significantly. At its Sunday circulation almost double. Advertisers also felt the loss of the courier express as the news raised its advertising rates some as much as 119% in the past year, over the Niagara Gazette, circulation Rose 8% of the daily paper 12% for the Sunday paper after the courier folded. Almost all of that growth was informed courier Express strongholds Lockport for instance, circulation there has risen to 100% and that gives that circulation in the Tonawanda is is also up 170% It's good news to publishers, Susan Clark Jackson, &#13;
&#13;
We're surprised at how well we've been received in portions of Amherst and Tonawanda. Frankly, we hadn't planned to go in to town on Monday as far as we have, but receptions just been so good that then we've gone one street farther. It's good there. &#13;
&#13;
Rochester Democrat and Chronicle has increased its circulation by about 2000 but almost all of that in Orleans, Genesee Wyoming and Allegheny County's fringe areas are the courier the six day a week Tonawanda news has made no effort to pick up any additional subscribers but its advertising sales have risen 10% Since the courier went out people there at the tunnel on a news though attribute that the weekly circulation changes &#13;
&#13;
For the past year but has seen a 30% growth in advertising revenues, a raucous picked up a few courier Express columnist and along the way expanded from a 12 page paper to 20 pages. Publishers are now considering putting out more than one paper a week. As for the effect of all of this on morning television, well in the last three readings period since the courier Express folded morning television, viewing of all channels in Western New York. As you can see there, they've all gone up. Well, now these are all changes that can be measured in dollars and cents less concrete is what may happen to a papers quality when it becomes the only game in town. Joining us now is Edie lapping whose newspaper experience spans much of the century and includes some of the major papers in the country. It's been 17 years of the Buffalo News before retiring back in 1974. And in your opinion, what's been the overall impact on the Buffalo News and on the Buffalo community of the folding of the Courier Express?&#13;
&#13;
I think the quality of the Buffalo News has increased sharply. I think they're giving a better paper to the community. They have more news, it's easier to read they have more opinions, opinions by letters to the editor and opinions by a nationally known syndicated columnist. You know that that opinion, though, would run counter to what most people would think because they're the only game in town. Why should they even bother. People? Like to write their opinions. The opinion column in the Buffalo News I've noticed has increased sharply since the courier folded. More people are writing I think there are 120 letters coming in there every week which gave a reflection of what the people in Buffalo and the Buffalo area think about events. And that gives them an opportunity that they didn't have in such measure before.&#13;
&#13;
Now we were talking a little bit earlier and one of the significant comments that you made that really kind of surprised me buffalo is pretty much an afternoon newspaper town right now does have that sunrise addition. But you are you're predicting that in the near future. The Buffalo News would become a morning paper.&#13;
&#13;
I do that because the trend nationally is toward morning newspapers to in the next five years there will be a great drive in this country for shorter work week and shorter work days, which means that people will have more time to give to themselves. They will play in the afternoon. They will not be reading in the afternoon. Furthermore, morning paper give us the advertiser and the reader more time to read the paper and find out what is going on.&#13;
&#13;
I see ad laughing thank you for offering those comments in your opinion over 60 years in the journalism business. We appreciate it. Thank you a number of questions of course arise out of the closing of a newspaper we talked with Buffalo News Editor Marie light about some of them.&#13;
&#13;
We have to be careful that people definitely tend to say, Well, you're the only game in town therefore you will be able to do this and that and what difference does it make it does make a difference with I have a peculiar philosophy for an editor. And I've gotten into trouble in some editors meetings about it about a newspaper.&#13;
&#13;
being the same as a supermarket, people who buy our newspaper are same as customers in a supermarket. If they do not like the product, they can go elsewhere. Now you say in a one paper towels, we're gonna go elsewhere.&#13;
&#13;
They can turn on channel four or channel two or seven or 17 or 29. They can read their weekly newspapers, they can read community newspapers, neighborhood newspapers and the city. There is no monopoly really.&#13;
&#13;
Monopoly really that's an interesting comment coming from Marie light. Do you necessarily agree, Doug? &#13;
&#13;
Oh, what does he mean by there was no monopoly. He certainly doesn't have a monopoly on giving out information. I mean, he's in competition with people passing out the Watchtower downtown and in competition with people putting graffiti on the one of the Clinton Street bridges, but he it's not so much of monopolies they have a responsibility. You may not have a monopoly on the dissemination business, but he certainly has a monopoly on reading habits and he has he has 24 hours a day. &#13;
&#13;
Now the gentleman we have right here with us, of course is Jim Baker. You may be familiar with him as a former television editor with the buffalo courier Express. Jim is with us out of Boston right now where he is working for the buffalo apartment of Boston Herald American. Rupert Murdoch bought that paper and has changed the face of the state Boston journalism quite a bit. made it a little spicier in in Beantown Jim What do you think would have happened had Rupert Murdoch gotten here in Buffalo? &#13;
&#13;
I think number one, it would have been a smash success, especially with the style of paper that we are producing here in Boston. The circulation is over 400,000 Now I'm talking about daily circulation. It's nearly doubled. What it was, in the days not so long ago days of the Boston Herald American. And the style is flashy, that it's big on sports, for example, a 14 to 44 page Sunday Sports section alone. It's big on news and entertainment and it's it's fun to read. It's colorful. I think the people of Buffalo miss that style, and I think it would give them a choice if they had it. &#13;
&#13;
Well, Jim, you're talking now about the guys you're working for. But I'm still gonna ask you when people go into the supermarket and the teller paper you're working for from the National Enquirer? What does it look like? &#13;
&#13;
Yes, they can and the mainly in the section that I deal with, again, that 44 Page sports section that I talked about it, it looks in some ways like the New York Post it in style it is. It is flashy, as I said, but I can't think of a thing that that for example a sports fan would want that isn't in that paper it's just as complete as can be. And again I am you know I'm talking about the man I'm working for but I would have loved to see that product in Buffalo Jim is this what we're Is this what we're reduced to though that we have to show such a change in style for two newspapers to compete, that you have to have this tabloid screaming banner headline sort of newspaper as a as opposed to a rather conservative and staid operation for both to stay in business. I don't think it's necessary, but I think in a limited market and a market that is as smaller as Western New York and particularly Buffalo has become I think it's if you're talking about sales, I think you ought to give them a wide choice, give the people a wide choice. And right now, a colorful product one that is really big on sports and entertainment, in my opinion is not there and it's here in spades. In Boston, I mean, the acceptance of it is remarkable. You come into the city in the morning and you see people walking both papers, both sides of the street as you come out of the tunnel. Those of you that are familiar with Boston, you'll see one brave soul or soul walking down the middle and the end as the traffic is jammed up. It's exciting to see and it's vibrant. And I would have loved to see this kind of thing happen in Buffalo and I was saying to Bob the other day that in the last couple of years the courier Express if they made an error in strategy it was in trying to become more respectable and more responsible than the Buffalo News, which had the respectability and responsibility market all cornered, that they maybe should have tried to play the game on a different turf. &#13;
&#13;
Do you feel that way? Now, Jim? &#13;
&#13;
Well, I don't think you have to be one or the other. I think you can be colorful and responsible I think you can do both.&#13;
&#13;
The first thing you should have is accuracy. The second thing you should have is you should be as colorful. There is no excuse for dull writing and dull reporting and dull editing. And thank goodness that isn't the case where I am. Well, we heard that Christian a union leader of the Buffalo News, just simply deploring the thought that Murdoch was going to come in or was going to horrify Buffalonians with his horrible product. Do you think that Buffalonians many buff that they would have been strong like you know, old world old Eastern European reaction to this seminal paper, telling us something if if they had embraced the Murdoch product, at the very least the people who didn't want to stay there under under him would have had a job for a few months while they went out and looked. The choice that they selected was to me and sanity. So, I mean, they you had to you they had no choice with what they chose. I mean they went out the door. They had no job. They're the people that didn't want to stay with Murdoch at least would have had a job for a while while they looked. And that's what proved to be the case here in Boston. There weren't wholesale changes. Mr. Murdoch kept the people that he wanted and he kept streamline the product. And it seems he's turned it completely around. I'm talking about a successful story here. Jim, you still have some contacts here in Buffalo. You keep in touch with a lot of the folks around town? &#13;
&#13;
I sure do. &#13;
&#13;
Would you give us a prediction from your standpoint, even though it is from above 400 miles away? Does buffalo stand the chance of ever bringing back another quality independent morning voice?&#13;
&#13;
I think it does have a chance but what it needs what needs to happen is for the advertising community that has been that has seen tripled ad rates there for the financial community for the leaders of that community. And you know the names they have to get together and decide that their community that they are a part of deserves a choice that it deserves a couple of products and not just one in print journalism, and I'm talking about the inner city of Buffalo. Now there are there are places like Niagara Falls and Dunkirk that have a good choice. But that's what it takes the community leaders to get together and back it. Because I love that city. And I'd love to see you have a choice again. &#13;
&#13;
Okay, Jim Baker, Doug Smith. Thank you very much. And we'll be back with more in just a moment.&#13;
&#13;
Well now here we are one year after the closing of the buffalo courier Express but no morning paper on our doorstep and still no plans for a local morning paper. There are a couple of possibilities however, gets USA Today which celebrated its first birthday just last week, when they began offering home delivery around Western New York this month. And there are some plans by at least one local businessman to attorneys that a group of former courier Express employees to get another morning papers started. They're working on a Monday through Friday tabloid that would be called the buffalo morning sun. specific plans for that new paper should be announced in the next month. or so. But there was still the question. Can this area support a morning newspaper? We ask what you thought?&#13;
&#13;
Well, I think buffalo shouldn't be a one paper town. The news was a lot better when it had some competition really does need to newspapers so we can have both viewpoints on different sides because one newspaper might have a tendency to be biased towards a different viewpoint. It's good. It's just better to have two newspapers. In any competitive situation. I think we can use an additional newspaper in town to give a more diversified view and what we have right now. I think buffalo is large enough city that it should have two newspapers.&#13;
&#13;
I really do miss a carrier, because it has certain articles in there like this new one. It's okay. But&#13;
&#13;
it's interesting. We get a lot of phone calls from people saying why can't we have home delivery of sunrise? We go into those streets. And what we find is most of those people are buying the afternoon additions to the news and really don't want the Morning Edition delivered. We'll find three four or sometimes two homes that are straight, which wanted and we can't establish routes.&#13;
&#13;
Buffalo still basically is an afternoon newspaper town. There's just no question about that.&#13;
&#13;
Well, earlier tonight at six o'clock on us for Buffalo we asked what you think about buffalo as a morning newspaper town. And here's what we found out the question was very simply can buffalo support a full time home delivered morning newspaper and the response that we got was overwhelming. Yes, by 95%.&#13;
&#13;
Well, it doesn't take much to realize that there is a need for an independent, strong and competitive morning paper in Western New York. Some voices of course will claim that this is an afternoon newspaper town but it appears that people feel otherwise. But why did the courier fool if there is such a need? There? Are many, many reasons not the least among them a decline in readership across the board all around the country, as well as a greater dependence on television for more and more information.&#13;
&#13;
But as broadcast journalists, we can only hope that that trend will be reversed and that a diversity of opinion, both print and broadcast media, and all sorts of information will be available to Western New Yorkers in the very near future.&#13;
&#13;
That's our program for tonight. Thank you very much for joining us. Good night.</text>
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This News 4 television special hosted by the late Bob Koop looks back on the reasons why the newspaper could no longer compete with The Buffalo News and the impact of the Courier’s folding on its former staff members and its readers.&#13;
&#13;
Staff members of the Courier Express voted down the opportunity to work under Rupert Murdoch’s News America. It would have meant transitioning to a tabloid newspaper as well as staff cuts of between 30 and 40 percent. When the paper shut down, eleven hundred people were out of work. Buffalo’s depressed economy at the time made it difficult for many of those workers to find jobs. Some had to go on welfare.&#13;
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The demise of the Courier Express followed the closings of other major newspapers throughout the country, including the Cleveland Press, which shut down three months earlier. It had been operating for 103 years.&#13;
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                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;Fifty selected programs from the Grosvenor Room’s performing arts collections, featuring theatre, music, and dance productions. These programs are a representative sample of the entertainment available to Buffalo audiences from 1816 to 1951, and include local talent as well as internationally renowned performers. The featured items are from the following two collections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;One of &lt;/span&gt;Katharine Hepburn’s&lt;span&gt; biggest hits was the romantic comedy, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Philadelphia Story.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The movie was based on a screenplay by Phillip Barry, who wrote the play specifically for Hepburn.  When the play opened in Buffalo in October 1940, prominent actor Joseph Cotten starred alongside Hepburn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hepburn has other local connections--her maternal grandparents lived here, and her mother, Kit, was born in Buffalo.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2019 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Theater and Music Program Collection</text>
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                  <text>We the People: Commemorating 250 Years of the Declaration of Independence</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;As we mark 250 years since the signing of the &lt;em&gt;Declaration of Independence&lt;/em&gt;, this exhibit considers our region and our nation as a &lt;em&gt;quilt of democracy &lt;/em&gt;— consisting of many communities, histories, and identities joined and shaped by many hands.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>eng</text>
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                  <text>1757-2026</text>
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                  <text>Grosvenor Room Collections</text>
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                <text>RBR U.S. 1891.A8</text>
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                <text>The present state of the American rebel army, navy, and finances. Transmitted to the British government in October, 1780</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Arnold, Benedict, 1741-1801.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text of the 1780 letters of General Benedict Arnold documenting his treasonous plot to surrender the strategic fort at West Point to the British.</text>
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                <text>Original transmission 1780, published 1891</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="203874">
                <text>Historical Printing Club</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>	Grosvenor Room of B&amp;ECPL (repository)/Rare Book Room of B&amp;ECPL (repository)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>We the People: Commemorating 250 Years of the Declaration of Independence</text>
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              <name>Alternative Title</name>
              <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                  <text>Semicenquintennial exhibit</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="203785">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;As we mark 250 years since the signing of the &lt;em&gt;Declaration of Independence&lt;/em&gt;, this exhibit considers our region and our nation as a &lt;em&gt;quilt of democracy &lt;/em&gt;— consisting of many communities, histories, and identities joined and shaped by many hands.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Grosvenor Room of B&amp;amp;ECPL (repository)/Rare Book Room of B&amp;amp;ECPL (repository)</text>
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              <name>Date Created</name>
              <description>Date of creation of the resource.</description>
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                  <text>2026</text>
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              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="203788">
                  <text>Digital image copyright 2026 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>Collection, Dataset, Event, Image, Interactive Resource, Moving Image, Physica l Object, Service, Software, Sound, Still Image, Text&#13;
&#13;
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              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>eng</text>
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              <name>Coverage</name>
              <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                  <text>1757-2026</text>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
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                  <text>Grosvenor Room Collections</text>
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                <text>RBR U.S. 1863.D8</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="203971">
                <text>The proclamation of emancipation</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="203972">
                <text>Drake, Charles D. (Charles Daniel), 1811-1892.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="203973">
                <text>In this speech, given at Turner Hall in St. Louis, Missouri in 1863, prominent lawyer Charles Drake forcefully defended President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. He argued for the moral, political, and military necessity of freeing enslaved people.</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1863</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>United States. President (1861-1865 : Lincoln). Emancipation Proclamation.</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="203977">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="204085">
                <text>	Grosvenor Room of B&amp;ECPL (repository)/Rare Book Room of B&amp;ECPL (repository)</text>
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  <item itemId="1838" public="1" featured="0">
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        <src>https://digital.buffalolib.org/files/original/1ff98220ed776406c10e8ab31fe1cbb4.mp4</src>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="25880">
                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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      <name>Moving Image</name>
      <description>A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Promise of 100 Years : the Pride of a People</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29145">
                <text>The organized struggle for civil rights in America had its early roots in Buffalo, New York in 1905. Hoping to create a great "current of protest," W.E.B. Dubois and fellow activists met at the home of Mary Talbert and voiced their demands for equality by establishing the Niagara Movement. It led to the creation of the N.A.A.C.P. A century later, African Americans in Buffalo's inner city are still struggling with poverty, crime, and unemployment. Many students fall far behind in school because of poor reading skills. See how these challenges are now being addressed, and how African culture is being preserved and promoted through the arts. "Minute by minute, hour by hour," says and old African proverb, "if we lose our history, we lose our power." Features reflections by former New York Deputy Assembly speaker and Buffalo mayoral candidate, Arthur O. Eve.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Originally aired on WIVB-TV.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Newberg, Rich (Producer, Writer, Host)</text>
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                <text>Hairston, Mylous (Producer, Writer, Reporter)</text>
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                <text>Ersing, Rich (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
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                <text>Mombrea, Mike, Jr. (Producer, Contributing Photographer, Editor)</text>
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                <text>Schlaerth, Joseph (Producer)</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29152">
                <text>Musial, Chris (Executive Producer)</text>
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                <text>Swenson, Scott (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Schrodt, Roy (Post-production Editor)</text>
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                <text>Mombrea, John (Post-production Editor)</text>
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                <text>Murphy, Kurt (Graphic Arts Director)</text>
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                <text>Newberg, Rich (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Hairston, Mylous (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Ersing, Rich (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Mombrea, Mike Jr. (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Schlaerth, Joseph (Researcher)</text>
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                <text>Musial, Chris (Researcher)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963</text>
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                <text>Talbert, Mary</text>
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                <text>Niagara Movement</text>
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                <text>African Americans--Civil rights--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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                <text>African Americans--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29167">
                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29168">
                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2005-02-02</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Moving Image</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29172">
                <text>video/mp4</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29301">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="18514">
              <text>23.75 x 35.75 in.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Poster Number: 424</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18511">
                <text>[Belgian &amp; Allies Aid League]</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18512">
                <text>Allied Printing Trades Council : Buffalo, NY (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>[1917-1918]</text>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="18517">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18522">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>The Red Cross Nurse</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 442</text>
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                <text>The Red Cross Nurse</text>
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                <text>[Belgian &amp; Allies Aid League]</text>
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                <text>[1917-1918]</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="18771">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 774</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Remaking of Belgium Exhibition</text>
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                <text>Brangwyn, Frank</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23201">
                <text>Avenue Press Ltd. : London (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>[1914-1918]</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23211">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>The Rescue of Heather Mercer&#13;
&#13;
Heather Mercer and her friend and co-worker Dayna Curry, were American aid workers arrested in Afghanistan by the Taliban on August 3, 2001. They were part of the Antioch International Movement of Churches and employed by a German-based Christian aid organization called Shelter Now International. &#13;
&#13;
Following their arrest, six other Western aid workers and sixteen co-workers from Afghanistan were taken into custody and charged with preaching Christianity, a crime potentially punishable by death under Taliban law. &#13;
&#13;
The workers were initially held as prisoners in Kabul. When Northern Alliance forces took control of Kabul on November 13, 2001, the aid workers from Afghanistan were freed. The Western aid workers, however, were moved by the Taliban to a prison in Ghazni. There, anti-Taliban forces freed those prisoners as well. They were airlifted to safety in Islamabad, Pakistan.&#13;
&#13;
Heather Mercer grew up in suburban Virginia, outside of Washington. Her parents were divorced. Heather's mother, Deborah Eddy from Lewiston, and her grandmother, Norma Anderson from Niagara Falls, worked tirelessly for Heather's release. &#13;
&#13;
Heather Mercer and Dayna Curry were welcomed home by President Bush and invited to join him at the White House. &#13;
The president said, "They had a calling to serve the poorest of the poor." Heather commented, "We know we're here because of the prayers of people all over the country, all over the world!"</text>
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                <text>Hill, Ahmir (Graphic artist)</text>
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                <text>Humanitarian aid workers--Afghanistan</text>
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                <text>Mercer, Heather</text>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="198251">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>The Right to Know</text>
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                <text>RIGHT TO KNOW LAWS&#13;
In 1980, demands by Western New York union workers dealing  with toxic chemicals reached a crescendo. They insisted on knowing the nature of the substances to which they were exposed, and the extent of that exposure on the job. Some were suffering from ailments they attributed to toxic exposure.&#13;
&#13;
As a result of their efforts and similar demands that were being made around the country, “Right to Know” laws were passed locally, statewide, and nationally, granting workers and citizens access to chemical information critical to their health and safety. &#13;
&#13;
The following series of WIVB-TV reports by Rich Newberg documents this critical period of awakening to environmental hazards. They were aired on WIVB-TV in 1980 and ’81. The same issues are surfacing again today. The incoming Biden administration is pledging to make environmental justice a top priority.&#13;
&#13;
The opening comment is from Lois Gibbs. In 1980 Ms. Gibbs and the Love Canal Homeowners Association successfully organized the relocation of more than 700 families whose homes were in the toxic Love Canal neighborhood of Niagara Falls, New York. Their efforts led to the creation of the nation’s Superfund, providing relief for toxic neighborhoods around the country. Her comments are provided courtesy of Harvard University, where she was interviewed as part of the “Voices From the Field Leadership Series” on April 10, 2014.&#13;
[Total Running Time of Reports: 1:00:26]&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
1. ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVIST LOIS GIBBS REFLECTS BRIEFLY ON THE RIGHT TO KNOW&#13;
“Voices from the Field” (series)&#13;
Harvard University&#13;
School of Public Health&#13;
April 10, 2014&#13;
“Right to know actually started in the workplace, and then the workers moved it to the city level, then the county level, and then the state level. And then these various states did it, and the industry is going crazy because they’re filling out so many forms. And they said, we need a federal policy. This is insane.”&#13;
(Runs: :14)&#13;
&#13;
2.  WORKERS RIGHT TO KNOW LAW [SERIES]           &#13;
“A Safe Place to Work?”                      &#13;
WIVB-TV Impact Series&#13;
5 Parts / February 1980&#13;
(Runs: 14:40)&#13;
&#13;
Chemical and steel workers in the Buffalo-Niagara region demand to know the level of exposure to toxic substances in the workplace. There is increasing evidence that their health and safety are being compromised. Their efforts lead to the New York Right To Know Law, requiring industries to disclose the type of chemicals utilized in the workplace and the level of exposure to workers. &#13;
&#13;
Western New York ranks in the top 10% of cancer regions in the country. Cancer experts believe exposure to toxic chemicals in the workplace is largely to blame.&#13;
&#13;
This five part series by WIVB-TV reporter Rich Newberg takes viewers into the plants in question and explores the concerns expressed by workers who say they are  suffering the consequences of exposure to dangerous chemicals. &#13;
&#13;
[Part 1] &#13;
Workers at the Olin Chemical Plant in Niagara Falls, New York claim they are losing their hair and teeth due to exposure to mercury in a plant that produced chlorine.&#13;
&#13;
A year earlier Occupational Health and Safety inspectors find that controls were not implemented to reduce unsafe levels of exposure to mercury.&#13;
&#13;
While workers are given urine tests and the plant is making improvements, including a new ventilation system, the manager is unable to promise employees they will remain within federal safety limits of mercury exposure. He says in “certain operations it’s just not technically feasible to reduce the levels below that limit.”&#13;
(Runs: 3:35)&#13;
&#13;
[Part 2]&#13;
Bethlehem Steel workers in Lackawanna, New York are exposed to suspected lead dust in the 13 Inch Bar. It is described by United Steel Workers Local 2603 president Art Sambuchi as, “A big heavy air, orange in color. You can’t see ten, fifteen feet in front of you.” Workers in the mill staged a wildcat strike believing their safety has been compromised.&#13;
&#13;
At the same time, the federal government is investigating concerns that carcinogenic toxins from the coke ovens are exposing workers to dangerous carcinogens. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration finds 22 serious violations, indicating that workers are being exposed up to 13 times beyond the safe level of exposure to poisonous chemical emissions. &#13;
&#13;
Stanley Lukasik, a 58 year old retired coke oven supervisor who attributes his weak heart to his 36 years at the steel plant,  says he proved in 1970 (ten years earlier) that emissions could be controlled, even without the use of sophisticated equipment, but that Bethlehem Steel ignored his suggestions. Mr. Lukasik dies of a heart attack eight days after being interviewed for the WIVB-TV “Right To Know” series. &#13;
(Runs: 2:37)&#13;
&#13;
[Part 3]&#13;
Joseph Pillittere of Niagara Falls, New York enters politics after working as a rocket test engineer at Bell Aerospace in Western New York. He believes several of his co-workers died as a result of chemical exposure while on the job.&#13;
&#13;
As a freshman Assemblyman-(D), Niagara Falls), Pillittere fights for a law that will give workers the right to know the chemicals they are exposed to in the workplace and the risks involved. &#13;
&#13;
Workers from all types of plants and mills in Western New York begin posting stickers demanding to know, “What’s In This Stuff?” Claiming their “safety and health is at stake,” they call for passage of the Right to Know Legislation.   &#13;
&#13;
Momentum is building as a result of environmental tests conducted around Bloody Run Creek in Niagara Falls.  Results show the presence of deadly dioxin dust in some factories upstream. Dioxin is considered one of the most deadly chemicals ever created.&#13;
&#13;
On December 20, 1979, the findings are announced to a cross section of workers who meet in Niagara Falls, New York. Assemblyman Pillittere presses federal health officials at the meeting, questioning why they were not aware of the fact that &#13;
Tam Ceramics Company had closed one of its buildings that had been contaminated by dioxin dust. &#13;
&#13;
Pillittere realizes his legislation, if passed, would be costly to industry, but is willing to lose potential re-election support in order to fight for the rights of workers. He says, “It’s more important to be able to live with yourself, and If you can live with yourself and you get re-elected, it’s a plus. If you can live with yourself and you don’t get re-elected because of big money, at least you can say you always say that you did what you thought was right.” &#13;
(Runs: 3:03)&#13;
&#13;
[Part 4]&#13;
At a state conducted hearing in Niagara Falls, Garath Tubbs of the Worker’s Compensation Reform Coalition tells the story of an industrial painter who developed a condition that led to uncontrollable shaking and great pain.&#13;
&#13;
Chemical plant representatives from Niagara Falls also testify. Hooker Chemical Corp. Vice President of Operations Milo Harrison says his company is against new legislation that might lead to burdensome rules and regulations. He says Hooker is already studying workers’ health histories and releasing information to workers about hazardous chemicals. &#13;
&#13;
Jeanne Reilly, President of Technical Engineers Union Local 57 at Hooker Chemical testifies that she has yet to see the results of monitoring tests on her fellow workers. This, despite “numerous promises and statements of corporate policy.” &#13;
(Runs: 2:27)&#13;
&#13;
[Part 5] (conclusion)&#13;
Labor unions representing workers who deal with toxic chemicals call for a central agency that would deal with exposure on the job. Workers’ families, they say, have a right to know what’s being brought home.&#13;
 &#13;
Western New York’s scientific community also calls on area industries provide more information about hazardous chemicals.&#13;
Cancer researcher Beverly Paigen says, “Our knowledge is very limited in this area, partly because no records are kept of employee exposure, and no records are kept of occupational disease.”&#13;
&#13;
The initial driving political force behind the movement against chemical contamination has its roots in the Love Canal neighborhood. Residents of contaminated communities, along with workers are demanding that the government and industry be more responsive to the hazards of chemical exposure. &#13;
&#13;
Workers seek to know not just the trade name of the chemicals in the workplace, but the components as well. They also want to know if these chemicals accumulate in the human body to cause harm. &#13;
&#13;
Public awareness and sensitivity to the problems of chemical contamination of the environment, in neighborhoods and the workplace is growing, thanks to grass roots and media efforts to dig deeper into health and safety issues. &#13;
(Runs: 2:35)&#13;
&#13;
3.  HOOKER CHEMICAL FIRES OUTSPOKEN WORKER &#13;
The President of Technical Engineers Union Local 57 at Hooker Chemical is fired after testifying that she has yet to see the results of monitoring tests on her fellow workers.       &#13;
      (Runs: 2:01)&#13;
&#13;
4.   NEW YORK STATE LAWMAKERS PASS WORKERS RIGHT TO KNOW BILL&#13;
The New York State legislature passes the Workers Right to Know Bill. It gives workers the right to know the nature of hazardous chemicals in the workplace. &#13;
The bill was first introduced by Niagara Falls Assemblyman Joe Pillittere. Senator John Daly handled the bill in the State Senate. &#13;
      (Runs: :38)&#13;
&#13;
5.  BETHLEHEM STEEL WORKERS SHUT DOWN 13” BAR MILL OVER LEAD DUST SAFETY ISSUES    &#13;
A wildcat strike by Bethlehem Steel workers shuts down the 13” bar mill. Workers say thick clouds of steel lead dust make breathing difficult. They have called on the company to install a proper ventilation system and allow studies to be conducted on medical histories of workers in the mill. &#13;
    (Runs: 1:42) &#13;
&#13;
6.  NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD RULES THAT STEEL WORKERS ARE ENTITLED TO THOUSANDS OF COMPANY FILES DATING BACK FIVE YEARS&#13;
    1980&#13;
The National Labor Relations Board rules that the Steelworkers Union is entitled to thousands of Bethlehem Steel files dating back five years. The files will be used to determine whether exposure to potentially hazardous substances in the workplace may have impacted the health of workers. &#13;
    (Runs: 1:41)&#13;
&#13;
7.  BETHLEHEM STEEL COKE OVEN TOUR &#13;
     1980&#13;
Reporters are given a tour of the coke ovens on the Bethlehem Steel site in Lackawanna. A $113 million dollar cleanup effort has cut back on harmful emissions. A year earlier federal health and safety inspectors found harmful emissions thirteen times greater than federal standards allow.  &#13;
     (Runs: 1:42)&#13;
&#13;
8.  DONNER HANNA COKE EMISSIONS IMPACT QUALITY OF LIFE IN SOUTH BUFFALO NEIGHBORHOOD&#13;
    (2 PARTS)&#13;
Black dust from the Donner Hanna Coke Company in South Buffalo is raining down on homes near the Bethlehem Steel plant in Lackawanna. The company’s huge ovens turn coal into coke for steel making. Residents, who refer to the pollutants as “the black rain,” learn that they are being exposed to harmful doses that can cause long term health problems. Some are already experiencing respiratory problems. The state says it will meet with Donner Hanna officials to discuss the issue.&#13;
    1981&#13;
    (Runs: 3:52)&#13;
&#13;
9.  400 UNION LEADERS TAKE A STAND AGAINST ATTEMPTS TO TAKE POWER AWAY FROM THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION&#13;
     (2 PARTS)&#13;
     1980&#13;
Western New York labor unions unite to fight proposed legislation that they claim would strip the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of its power. Congressmen representing the region, including Jack Kemp, come out against the Schweiker Bill.&#13;
     (Runs: 3:00)&#13;
&#13;
10. SICK AND INJURED WORKERS TELL STATE LAWMAKERS THEY CAN BARELY SURVIVE ON CURRENT WORKERS COMPENSATION BENEFITS&#13;
      1980&#13;
Workers injured on the job testify before state lawmakers that the compensation payments they receive have not kept up with the cost of living. Older workers, whose compensation rates were set in stone, do not qualify for increased payments that went into effect years later. Members of the state compensation board agree that the law must change. &#13;
      (Runs: 1:58)&#13;
&#13;
11. FIGHTING CHEMICAL FIRES &#13;
     Special training for firefighters who need to understand the nature of lethal&#13;
     gases and smoke.&#13;
     1981&#13;
     (Runs: 1:31)&#13;
&#13;
12. WESTERN NEW YORK CHEMICAL COMPANIES HAVE NO PLACE TO DUMP TOXIC WASTE&#13;
     1981&#13;
Firefighters are trained to deal with toxic chemical blazes. Newer Scott Air Packs &#13;
ensure against mask leakage. &#13;
     (Runs: 1:48)&#13;
&#13;
 13.  500 MILLION GALLONS OF CONTAMINATED WATER ARE BEING DUMPED INTO NIAGARA RIVER EVERY DAY ACCORDING TO NEW YORK PUBLIC INTEREST GROUP STUDY&#13;
(3 PARTS)&#13;
  1981&#13;
Chemical companies are running out of places to dump their hazardous wastes. &#13;
Niagara Falls residents are concerned that current hazardous waste burial grounds   may be expanding. &#13;
&#13;
The New York Public Interest Research Group (NYPIRG) says chemical companies have been dumping 500 Million gallons of contaminated water into the Niagara River every day. NYPIRG is concerned that the drinking water for 380,000 area residents may be polluted. &#13;
&#13;
The Chemical Manufacturers Association questions the NYPIRG findings and accuses the public interest group of putting jobs in jeopardy. The federal government will provide millions of dollars to improve processing at the Niagara Falls Waste Water Treatment Plant. &#13;
&#13;
NYPIRG faults the City of Niagara Falls for allowing Hooker Chemical’s S Dump to remain open. NYPIRG says the intake system there is contaminated and that tons of toxic chemicals are leaching into the Niagara Falls Water Filtration Plant.                &#13;
        (Runs: 6:26)&#13;
&#13;
14.  REPUBLIC STEEL FILTERS OUT HARMFUL CHEMICALS —RETURNING CLEAN WATER TO BUFFALO RIVER &#13;
      1980&#13;
Republic Steel says it has filtered out harmful chemicals and is returning clean wager to the Buffalo River. Reporters and government officials are given a tour of the $11 million dollar filtration system. Republic Steel had been cited in the past for water pollution violations. &#13;
      (Runs: 2:03)&#13;
&#13;
15.    RADIATION EXPOSURE DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE ATOMIC BOMB AT LINDE PLANT TOWN OF TONAWANDA&#13;
          1980&#13;
         During the development of the atomic bomb, the Linde Division of Union Carbide in the Town of Tonawanda allowed up to 70 million gallons of radioactive liquid waste to be discharged into waste water wells on its property. The U.S. Department of Energy maintains the uranium concentrations in that waste were not significant enough to pose a health threat. Water samples are continuing around the Linde site. It was revealed that some Linde employees may not have been told they were working on the Manhattan project. Efforts are underway to find these employees and check their health records. &#13;
      (Runs: 1:52) &#13;
&#13;
16.  RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL SHIPMENTS FROM CANADA &#13;
     There is growing concern that shipment of radioactive material from Canada are going unreported as they enter Western New York. Buffalo lawmakers move toward initiating regulations that would alert localities when shipments are passing through on their roadways. &#13;
       (2 PARTS)&#13;
       1981&#13;
       (Runs: 4:57)&#13;
                    &#13;
   17.  “THE PRICE WE PAY FOR LEAD”&#13;
         (2 PARTS)&#13;
         8/1 - 8/2/1995&#13;
         Even though lead paint was banned in 1978, Buffalo’s old housing stock makes residents vulnerable to exposure. Even lower levels can be harmful. Children have been poisoned, some suffering irreversible damage, including hyperactivity and learning disabilities. &#13;
&#13;
More than 61 percent of children in Erie County, ages 6 months to 5 years, are estimated to exceed  the safety limits of lead in the blood. Black children, many from the inner city,  make up 78 percent of youngsters treated for lead poisoning in Erie County.&#13;
&#13;
Lawsuits are filed against landlords in Buffalo who have failed to remove lead paint from their properties. However, defense attorneys say it is difficult to prove that exposure to lead paint is the cause of certain ailments. &#13;
(Runs: 10:08)</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                <text>The Road to France-He is keeping It Open</text>
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                <text>Flagg, James Montgomery</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>[United States Army]</text>
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                <text>Allied Printing Trades Council, Union Label : New York (Printer)</text>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19829">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37224">
                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>This collection of long-form reports by retired WIVB-TV Senior Correspondent Rich Newberg covers a wide range of social issues, Buffalo history and the arts. Mr. Newberg retired from the Buffalo CBS network affiliate at the end of 2015, after serving the station for thirty-seven years in various roles including main anchor, reporter and documentarian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His New York Emmy Award winning pieces explore the abortion debate, care of the mentally ill, the African American struggle for civil rights, and the lessons of the Holocaust, among many topics. His video memoir, “One Reporter’s Journey, “ reflects on his forty-six year career, beginning as an advocate for those without a voice. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"My hope," says Newberg, “is that this collection will provide a lasting chronicle of life and issues in Buffalo during the latter part of the 20th century and into the new millennium."</text>
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                <text>The Road to Freedom : Preserving Black History In Western New York</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Highlights Buffalo's unique role in the abolitionist movement. Uses reenactments, old photographs and drawings, and interviews with historians and preservationists such as Dr. Monroe Fordham, Jesse Nash, Jr., George Arthur, Rev. William Henderson, and Kevin Cottrell, to tell the story of Buffalo's critical role as the last stop on the Underground Railroad. Discusses significant sites in Buffalo to be preserved, such as the Michigan Street Baptist Church and the Nash house.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Originally aired on WIVB-TV.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Newberg, Rich (Producer, Writer, Host)</text>
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                <text>Dawkins, Don (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
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                <text>Vetter, Tom (Producer, Photographer, Editor)</text>
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                <text>Musial, Chris (Producer)</text>
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                <text>Hairston, Mylous (Reporter)</text>
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                <text>Mombrea, Mike Jr. (Contributing Photographer)</text>
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                <text>Van Horn, Mike (Graphic Artist)</text>
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                <text>Mombrea, John (Post-production Editor)</text>
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                <text>Baxter, Tim (Post-production Editor)</text>
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                <text>Battilana, Tony (Director)</text>
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                <text>Foster, Joseph D. (Tape Operator)</text>
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                <text>Benzel, Gary (Audio Engineer)</text>
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                <text>Brown, Dave (Chyron Operator)&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Tubman, Harriet, 1822-1913</text>
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                <text>Nash, J. Edward (Jesse Edward), 1868-1957</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29196">
                <text>Michigan Street Baptist Church</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29197">
                <text>Underground Railroad--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29198">
                <text>Fugitive slaves--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29199">
                <text>African Americans--Civil rights--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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                <text>African Americans--New York (State)--Buffalo--History</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29201">
                <text>WIVB (Television Station : Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29202">
                <text> Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (publisher of digital)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29203">
                <text>2000-02-02</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Moving Image</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29206">
                <text>video/mp4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29207">
                <text>Rich Newberg Reports Collection</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29300">
                <text>Copyright held by WIVB-TV. Access to this digital version provided by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Videos or images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of WIVB-TV and the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                  <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
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              <text>20 x 29 in.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Poster Number: 603</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20933">
                <text>The road to victory</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20934">
                <text>John Sands Ltd. : Sydney (Printer)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>[1914-1918]</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Still image</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20939">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20944">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36106">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37278">
                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 194</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Royal Air Force requires carpenters</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15639">
                <text>Oker, Ernest</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Ministry of Food</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="15641">
                <text>[J. W. Ltd.] (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>[1920]</text>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 572</text>
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                <text>The Ships Are Coming</text>
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                <text>Treidler, Adolph</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;Fifty selected programs from the Grosvenor Room’s performing arts collections, featuring theatre, music, and dance productions. These programs are a representative sample of the entertainment available to Buffalo audiences from 1816 to 1951, and include local talent as well as internationally renowned performers. The featured items are from the following two collections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists of music and dance performances in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1860 to 1930 and includes performances of dance, opera, musical comedy, orchestras, chamber music, choirs, and instrumental ensembles. The majority of the programs are from music performances, and many venues hosted famous musicians and composers including Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Jenny Lind, Geraldine Farrar, Maurice Ravel, Walter Damrosch, Gustave Mahler, Lily Pons, and Serge Rachmaninoff. Buffalo also hosted opera companies, orchestras, and symphonies from New York City, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh. Early Buffalo orchestras and singing societies, including the Buffalo Orpheus and Chromatic Club, are documented in this collection, as are the music halls, theatres, social clubs, museums, and other venues that hosted national and international performers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="30952">
                  <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="30953">
                  <text>Concert programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34176">
                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>The Star-Wagon</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29960">
                <text>Erlanger Theatre (Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29961">
                <text>Movie stars Lillian Gish and Burgess Meredith performed in this theatrical production directed by Guthrie McClintic, actress Katharine Cornell's husband. The Erlanger theatre, a successful venue in the 1930s, hosted many talents of stage and screen.</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29962">
                <text>Anderson, Maxwell, 1888-1959</text>
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                <text>Gish, Lillian, 1893-1993</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29964">
                <text> Meredith, Burgess, 1907-1997</text>
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                <text>Collins, Russell, 1897-1965</text>
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                <text>Bissell, Whit, 1909-1996</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29967">
                <text>McClintic, Guthrie, 1893-1961</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29968">
                <text>1937-09-16</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30540">
                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30590">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2019 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30791">
                <text>Buffalo Theater and Music Program Collection</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30858">
                <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30914">
                <text>Mid-Twentieth Century (1925-1975)</text>
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          </element>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36559">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37657">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Historic Buffalo Theater and Music Programs</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="30951">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;Fifty selected programs from the Grosvenor Room’s performing arts collections, featuring theatre, music, and dance productions. These programs are a representative sample of the entertainment available to Buffalo audiences from 1816 to 1951, and include local talent as well as internationally renowned performers. The featured items are from the following two collections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists of music and dance performances in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1860 to 1930 and includes performances of dance, opera, musical comedy, orchestras, chamber music, choirs, and instrumental ensembles. The majority of the programs are from music performances, and many venues hosted famous musicians and composers including Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Jenny Lind, Geraldine Farrar, Maurice Ravel, Walter Damrosch, Gustave Mahler, Lily Pons, and Serge Rachmaninoff. Buffalo also hosted opera companies, orchestras, and symphonies from New York City, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh. Early Buffalo orchestras and singing societies, including the Buffalo Orpheus and Chromatic Club, are documented in this collection, as are the music halls, theatres, social clubs, museums, and other venues that hosted national and international performers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="30952">
                  <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="30953">
                  <text>Concert programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34176">
                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29985">
                <text>The Symphony Orchestra of New York</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29986">
                <text>Music Hall (Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29987">
                <text>New York Symphony Orchestra</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29988">
                <text>Damrosch, Walter, 1862-1950</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="29989">
                <text>Reno, Morris</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29990">
                <text>Pevny, Irene</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29991">
                <text>Brodsky, Adolph, 1851-1929</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="29992">
                <text>Buffalo Music Festival Association</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29993">
                <text>1892-05-18</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30395">
                <text>One of several visits to Buffalo by famed conductor Damrosch and the New York Symphony Orchestra.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30537">
                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30587">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2019 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30788">
                <text>Buffalo Theater and Music Program Collection</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="30891">
                <text>Concert programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="30911">
                <text>Late Nineteenth Century (1850-1900)</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36562">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="37660">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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  <item itemId="980" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="960">
                  <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="962">
                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
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          <name>Physical Dimensions</name>
          <description>The actual physical size of the original image</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>30 x 20 in.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16389">
                <text>Poster Number: 249</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16390">
                <text>The Tank is a traveling fortress that clears the way for our soldiers</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16391">
                <text>Higham, Chas Frederick</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16392">
                <text>[J. W. Ltd.] (Printer)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16393">
                <text>[1918]</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16395">
                <text>Still image</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16397">
                <text>image/jpeg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16398">
                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16401">
                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16402">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35839">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="37011">
                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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          </element>
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  </item>
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