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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 874</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>La Veillee des Tombes. A la memoire des Soldats Belges Premieres Victimes de la Guerre</text>
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                <text>Chaix : Paris (Printer)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1917</text>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>62.5 x 47 in.</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 1032</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>La Victoire De L'Amerique Chatiment. C'est le mot que le président Wilson, à la face de l'Univers, a proclamé</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24871">
                <text> c'est celui que répètent les Américains, Châtiment de l'Allemagne spoliatrice, châtiment des Hohenzollern. Depuis des mois, ce mot fatidique</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>L. Aubert (Printer)</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>[1918-1919?]</text>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="24882">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                  <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text>March 1908</text>
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              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27288">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34177">
                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="6">
      <name>Still Image</name>
      <description>A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.</description>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Lafayette High School</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Buffalo's third high school, located at 370 Lafayette Ave, was built in 1903. The&lt;span&gt; stone, brick and terra-cotta structure in the French Renaissance Revival style was designed by architects August Esenwein and James A. Johnson. &lt;/span&gt;The building has continually been in use by the Buffalo Public Schools.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.)--Public schools</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Public Schools (Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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                <text> Public schools--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27714">
                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/tiff</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28174">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16443">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Postcards from the Rare Book Room's collection. Primarily picture and photographic postcards of Buffalo &amp; Erie County locations, with a variety of publishers and production methods. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>RBRPC-Buf-241</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Lehigh Valley Terminal, Buffalo, N.Y.</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>88 Lehigh Valley Terminal, Buffalo, N.Y.</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Picture postcard of the Lehigh Vallery train terminal in Buffalo New York.</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Postcards--New York (State)--Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>Railroad terminals--New York (State)</text>
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                <text>Buildings, structures, etc.</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room Postcard Collection</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>picture postcards</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="202019">
                <text>Buffalo and &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of Digital)</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/jpeg</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="202496">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2025 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>Ann Montgomery's Little Harlem</text>
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                  <text>The Little Harlem Club/Hotel on Michigan Avenue in Buffalo was owned and operated by Ann Montgomery from the 1930s through early 1960s, during which time Count Basie, Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday and others performed. While this club coexisted with the Colored Musicians Club and other clubs like it in its time period, Ann Montgomery was the distinguishing factor. Montgomery’s style and business sense and the fact that she was an African-American businesswoman were the rare combination then that made her and the Little Harlem unique.</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Lena Bell Thomas and Bertha Glover</text>
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                <text>(Not identified)</text>
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                <text>Lena Bell Thomas (Check Room) and Bertha Glover (Cigarette Girl). Two women, one holding Philip Morris tray, the other a doll. Image has been drawn on. Published separately in the 14th Anniversary Program.</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1930-1939</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital collection copyright 2016 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. This collection or portions thereof are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Mid-Twentieth Century (1925-1975)</text>
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