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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Built in 1890, this steam-heated building was located at 789 Seneca Street at the corner of Hydraulic Street.  In 1905, it was renamed Seneca Vocational School.  The school was in use under various names until 1955 and later torn down.</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>School 51 was built in 1894. Located at 101 Hertel Avenue near Guernsey Street, an addition in 1927 doubled the school's size. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The school closed in 2005 and is vacant as of 2018.</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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                <text>School No. 52, Barry Place School</text>
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                <text>School 52 was located at 276 Bird Avenue near Barry Place. The school closed in 1980 as part of the desegregation plan. The building was later demolished to make way for a US Post Office.</text>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28217">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>School 53 was built at 329 Roehrer Avenue, near Winslow Avenue. It was originally constructed in 1895, with an addition in 1901. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A large new facility replaced the older structures in 1971, and remains in use as a school.</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28218">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>March 1908</text>
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              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27288">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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                <text>School No. 54, Parkside School</text>
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                <text>School 54 was built in 1894 at 2358 Main Street.  A addition was constructed in 1907.  The old building was demolished in 1964; a new school was constructed on the same site.</text>
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                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28219">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>School No. 57, Sears Street School</text>
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                <text>Located at 231 Sears Street, this school was built in 1897.  A separate addition was constructed in 1914.&#13;
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                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28221">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>Postcard Collection</text>
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                  <text>Postcards from the Rare Book Room's collection. Primarily picture and photographic postcards of Buffalo &amp; Erie County locations, with a variety of publishers and production methods. </text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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                <text>School No. 58</text>
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                <text>Black and white photographic postcard of the Rother Street School, No. 58 in the Buffalo Public Schools district.</text>
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                <text>Postcards--New York (State)--Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>Photographic postcards.</text>
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                <text>photographic postcards</text>
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                <text>ENG</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="202516">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2025 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>School No. 59, Glenwood Avenue School</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This three story brick Renaissance Revival Style school was built in 1897 at 761 Glenwood Avenue.  It closed in 1976 during desegregation and has since been demolished.</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="28223">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>School No. 6, South Division Street School</text>
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                <text>Located at 248 South Division Street, this 1868  building was used as a primary grade school until 1954.  The school has since been demolished.</text>
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                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.)--Public schools</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28180">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="36439">
                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27286">
                  <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="27287">
                  <text>March 1908</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27288">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34177">
                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27283">
                <text>School No. 60, Ontario Street School</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27291">
                <text>Opened in 1897 at 238 Ontario Street, this school became Riverside Academy in 1976 during desegregation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2002, the school closed.  In 2014, it was renovated as an affordable housing complex. The building was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27379">
                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27599">
                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.)--Public schools</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27654">
                <text>Buffalo Public Schools (Buffalo, N.Y.)</text>
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                <text> Public schools--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27764">
                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27819">
                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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            <description>A related resource</description>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>image/tiff</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28224">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36483">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36843">
                <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="1805" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="25879">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="27287">
                  <text>March 1908</text>
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            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27288">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>School No. 61, Kensington School</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Built in 1904, this school is located at 453 Leroy Street near Grider.  A large addition was added in 1915.  &#13;
&#13;
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27600">
                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.)--Public schools</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27765">
                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>School 62 was built in 1906, the newest building included in the survey.  Located at 396 Urban Street, it closed in 1980 as part of the desegregation plan. The building still exists, as of 2018.</text>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="27287">
                  <text>March 1908</text>
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            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27288">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34177">
                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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                <text>School No. 8, Utica Street School</text>
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                <text>School 8 moved into this building at Masten Avenue and East Utica Street in 1884 after the previous location at Franklin and Church became a more commercial district.  It was designed by the architect Robert A. Bethune (husband of Louise Bethune). This building was destroyed by fire in 1918 and replaced the following year.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27337">
                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28182">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36441">
                <text>eng</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
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              <elementText elementTextId="36801">
                <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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  <item itemId="1761" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="25878">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="25879">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This collection consists of photographs of Buffalo Public School buildings taken in March 1908.  These 83 black &amp;amp; white platinum prints were originally mounted on black pages in an album.  While the album is no longer intact, information noted on the photographs reveals they were produced for a building survey for the Buffalo Common Council.  The Deputy Building Commissioner of the Department of Public Works wrote a report on the condition of the school buildings and submitted it to the Common Council in 1908.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The report paid particular attention to doors and fire escapes, and recommended safety improvements.  Many of the photographs show the back or sides of the schools in order to document the fire escape(s).  “Condemned” is written on some of the photos, but this may have been added at a later time.  While the majority of the buildings documented here no longer exist today, most were still in use for many years after the photographs were taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In 1908, the Buffalo Public School System consisted of 62 primary schools, 3 high schools, and one public teacher’s college.  Nine of the primary schools are no longer in this collection, lost before the photographs were acquired by the B&amp;amp;ECPL.  Many of the buildings in use in 1908 were erected between 1880 and 1900, a period of heavy construction when student enrollment almost doubled.  Often the schools pictured are actually the second or third building to serve the neighborhood.  The school system was organized in 1838, and the original buildings were small wood schoolhouses.  As Buffalo’s population grew with the annexation of Black Rock in 1853, and the influx of immigrants in the second half of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century, there was a need for larger schools, and more districts to handle the increase in students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As most of the buildings in these photographs no longer exist, this collection is a snapshot of educational architecture in the early 20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century.  And while the schools are the main subjects of each photo, we also see a glimpse of life in 1908 Buffalo -- neighborhood shops, unpaved and brick roads, trolley car lines, early automobiles, and horse-drawn wagons.  Some students took the opportunity to have their picture taken, and are lined up outside for the photographer.  Others can be spotted peering out of the windows, curious faces against the glass.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some of the primary schools were designed by the architectural firm of &lt;strong&gt;Louise Bethune&lt;/strong&gt;, the first professional female architect in the United States.  She and/or her husband, Robert A. Bethune, designed six of the schools in the collection.  Other notable architects of these schools include Esenwein &amp;amp; Johnson, M.E. Beebe &amp;amp; Son, and Charles D. Swan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following sources were essential in describing the brief history of each building:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:1100755/one"&gt;School days of yesterday: Buffalo Public School History&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed.(2001) &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:392248/one"&gt;From the Boiler Room, The Buffalo Public Schools 1807-1984: A History of the Buffalo Public Schools and the school engineers who maintain them&lt;/a&gt; by G. Morton Weed. (1984)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://bepl.ent.sirsi.net/client/en_US/default/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:880491/one"&gt;Buffalo Common Council Proceedings&lt;/a&gt;, 1908, pages 447-453. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27286">
                  <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="27287">
                  <text>March 1908</text>
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            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="27288">
                  <text>Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="34177">
                  <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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      <name>Still Image</name>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27161">
                <text>School No. 9, Bailey Avenue School</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27215">
                <text>Built in the 1880s, this school was located at 2060 Bailey Ave. It was not the first building to house School 9; the original Vine Street location was used as the &lt;em&gt;School for the Colored &lt;/em&gt;beginning in 1839. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Bailey Ave building closed in 1980 during school desegregation. It has been replaced by a Buffalo Fire Department Station.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27338">
                <text>Buffalo (N.Y.). Department of Public Works</text>
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                <text>1908-03</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text> Public schools--New York (State)--Buffalo</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="27723">
                <text> Buffalo Public School Buildings, 1908</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="27778">
                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="28183">
                <text>Digital image copyright 2018 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>Grosvenor Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                  <text>Posters were a very effective means of messaging throughout World War I.  They were pasted onto walls and billboards everywhere to reach the widest possible audience.  This form of propaganda, or “selling the war,” was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to spark patriotism, raise funds and resources and foster hatred of the enemy.  The posters were the work of the illustrators of the day – styles and techniques are as diverse as the artists and their countries.  Although the United States came late to the war, it produced more WWI propaganda posters than any other country. </text>
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                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Original poster collection donated to the Grosvenor Library by Edward Michael.&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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              <text>30 x 20 in.</text>
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                <text>Poster Number: 610</text>
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                <text>Scottish War Savings Committee. Palmerston Place-Edinburgh</text>
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                <text>G. &amp; McK. (Printer)</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>World War I Posters Collection</text>
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                <text>Digital Collections of the B&amp;ECPL</text>
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                <text>Early Twentieth Century (1900-1925)</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2017 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Rare Book Room of the B&amp;ECPL  (repository)</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;Fifty selected programs from the Grosvenor Room’s performing arts collections, featuring theatre, music, and dance productions. These programs are a representative sample of the entertainment available to Buffalo audiences from 1816 to 1951, and include local talent as well as internationally renowned performers. The featured items are from the following two collections:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Theater Programs, 1816 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists from theatrical venues in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1890 to 1950 and includes drama, comedy, vaudeville, minstrel, and musical theater productions held at more than 70 theaters. Traveling productions featured famous performers of every era, such as Edwin Booth, Maude Adams, John Barrymore, Rosalind Russell, Orson Welles, and Katharine Hepburn. Local ensembles and theater companies also document a vibrant entertainment community in Buffalo, including homegrown talent Katharine Cornell, dubbed "The First Lady of the Theatre” during her illustrious career.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;Music &amp;amp; Dance Programs, 1847 - current&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Programs, playbills, and cast lists of music and dance performances in Buffalo, NY and vicinity. The bulk of the collection is from 1860 to 1930 and includes performances of dance, opera, musical comedy, orchestras, chamber music, choirs, and instrumental ensembles. The majority of the programs are from music performances, and many venues hosted famous musicians and composers including Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Jenny Lind, Geraldine Farrar, Maurice Ravel, Walter Damrosch, Gustave Mahler, Lily Pons, and Serge Rachmaninoff. Buffalo also hosted opera companies, orchestras, and symphonies from New York City, Boston, Chicago, and Pittsburgh. Early Buffalo orchestras and singing societies, including the Buffalo Orpheus and Chromatic Club, are documented in this collection, as are the music halls, theatres, social clubs, museums, and other venues that hosted national and international performers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Theater programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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                <text>Guido Chorus, Buffalo</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Guido Chorus was a male choral group of business and professional men, founded by Seth Clark in 1904 and active to 1965.  The group was one of many popular singing societies in Buffalo's music history.</text>
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                <text>Spencer, Janet, 1874-1948</text>
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                <text>Le Breton, Prescott</text>
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                <text>Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library (Publisher of digital)</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital image copyright 2019 by the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Images in this collection are not to be used for any commercial purposes without the expressed written permission of the Buffalo &amp; Erie County Public Library. Users of this website are free to utilize material from this collection for non-commercial and educational purposes.</text>
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                <text>Buffalo Theater and Music Program Collection</text>
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                <text>Concert programs -- New York (State) -- Buffalo.</text>
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